Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Casey: Panre > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

White curd like vaginal discharge should make you think of what dx?

A

vaginal candida infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what dx?

A

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If you have a pt with positive blood cultures for candida what is the first line drug?

A

amphotericin B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the tx for pertussis?

A

erythromycin x 7d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A leukemia pt has a CT scan of the liver which shows punched out lesions. What dx should you be thinking of?

A

Hepatosplenic candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What disease does Rickettsia rickettsia cause?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An India ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what dx?

A

Cryptococcosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A COPD pt has apical cavities and calcified nodes on his CXR. You also discover he has a pet bat and a few birds. What is the most likely dx?

A

Histoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An HIV pt presents with a nonproductive cough and a CXR showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is the most likely dx?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Honey and babies should make you think of what dx?

A

Botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of organism causes botulism?

A

A gram positive rod: clostridium botulinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for botulism?

A

Antitoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A pt presents to the ER with acute progressive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this?

A

Clostridium botulinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rice water stool should make you think of what dx?

A

Cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is diphtheria a Gram positive or negative organism?

A

Gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gram positive vs gram negative

A

Despite their thicker peptidoglycan layer, Gram-positive bacteria are more receptive to antibiotics than Gram-negative, due to the absence of the outer membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what dx?

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 4 steps in dx’ing diphtheria?

A

Antitoxin
penicillin
remove membrane
report the case to CDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the clinical name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

A Gram + rod: clostridium tetani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A pt ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism?

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you think of what dx?

A

Shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the best test to dx malaria?

A

peripheral blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis?

A

Shigella

also remember that reactive arthritis has a positive HLA-B27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the tx for shigella?
Bactrim or fluoroquinolones and hydration
26
What organism causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
27
What is the minimum amount of time needed for a tick to transfer Lyme disease to a human?
24hrs
28
What is the drug of choice to tx Lyme disease in kids or pregnant women?
Amoxicillin
29
What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
30
A pt was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrant. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Lyme disease
31
What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria?
Chloroquine
32
A pt was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
33
What is the drug of choice for treating Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
doxycycline
34
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis?
Penicillin
35
Any reference to dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?
Trepenoma pallidum
36
Is staph gram positive or gram negative?
Gram positive
37
A pt being tx'ed for syphilis infection develops a fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop treatment?
No, this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The pt must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction.
38
What organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
39
A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what dx?
Primary syphilis
40
Is pseudomonas gram + or gram -?
Gram -
41
A pt c/o rash on his palms and soles. He has a fever and chills. in conversation he mentions a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely dx?
Secondary syphilis: this is the most contagious stage
42
What is the treatment for cholera?
Fluids
43
What is the current drug of choice for the cytomegalovirus?
Ganciclovir
44
Which herpes virus causes Epstein-Barr?
Herpes 4
45
A 16yo girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On PE you observe some posterior chain lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. What is the most likely dx?
Epstein-Barr virus
46
What are 2 important pieces of pt edu for anyone dx'ed with mononucleosis?
``` No contact sports (splenic rupture) No kissing (highly contagious) ```
47
What is the first symptom of a rabies infection?
Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite
48
How do you definitely dx rabies?
pathology of the brain of the animal that performed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain
49
A pt is bitten by a rabies infected raccoon. On what days do you give human diploid cells?
0, 3, 7, 14, 28
50
A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis?
Candida
51
Name 3 serious reactions a pt may have with the use of vancomycin?
Nephrotoxicity ototoxicity Stevens-Johnson syndrome
52
What tests are done to screen for HIV?
ELISA and then in positive dx is confirmed with a Western blot test
53
What is the drug of choice for the tx of Lyme disease?
doxycycline
54
What does trismus mean?
Lock jaw, often 2ndary to tetanus
55
How do you tx amebiasis?
Metronidazole (flagyl)
56
How do you treat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formerly known as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)?
Bactrim
57
What is the treatment for tetanus infections?
Penicillin immune globulin supportive care: esp respiratory support
58
How do hookworm larvae enter the body?
They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet.
59
How do you treat hookworm?
Azoles
60
What type of mosquitoes carry malaria?
Anopheles
61
How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?
This is most likely candida. Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole are first line choices.
62
A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV pt. What is the most likely dx?
Toxoplasmosis
63
What is the drug of choice for toxoplasmosis?
Bactrium
64
What organism causes toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii
65
What drug do you use to treat pinworm?
You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again.
66
The scotch tape test is used to dx what disease?
Pinworm
67
Is neisseria gram + or -?
Gram -
68
Syphilis is caused by what organism?
Treponema pallidum
69
A gram positive organism in chains should make you think of what dx?
Strep
70
A gram negative diplococci should make you think of what dx?
Neisseria
71
What is the most common prophylactic antibiotic used preoperatively?
Cefazolin=Ancef
72
What oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?
Ciprofloxacin
73
What is the suffix used for most fluoroquinolones?
Oxacin
74
Why aren't fluoroquinolones used more frequently?
they have lots of SE
75
A pt presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states that he was recently in the hospital for a "blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics." What abx class may he have been on?
Fluoroquinolones
76
Why can't you give fluoroquinolones to kids?
they can cause cartilage development problems.
77
What class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia?
Macrolides
78
List 2 macrolides.
Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin
79
What antibiotic class is the class of choice for chlamyida?
Macrolides
80
What class of abx is sometimes prescribed specifically for its effects on increasing GI motility?
Macrolides
81
Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient: tetracycline or aminoglycoside?
Tetracycline
82
Pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of what dx?
Cytomegalovirus
83
A pt presents c/o a metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. What antibiotic might she be on?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
84
What antibiotic is most likely to cause C. diff?
Clindamycin
85
What is the current drug of choice to tx MRSA?
Vancomycin
86
You place a pt on rifampin. What SE should you warn her about?
Orange-red discoloration of body fluids
87
What might happen is you infuse vancomycin too fast?
Red Man syndrome
88
Name one oral med that can be used for MRSA.
Linezolid (zyvox) and Bactrim
89
What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia?
Strep pneumoniae
90
What organism is the most common cause of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection?
E. coli
91
Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what dx?
Tertiary syphilis
92
Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what dx?
Amebiasis
93
Community acquired carditis is often caused by one of the HACEK organisms. List the HACEK organisms.
``` Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella ```
94
What are 3 meds often combined in a first line tx for h. pylori?
Omeprazole clarithromycin amoxicillin (PPI +2 abx)
95
What is the prophylactic abx most commonly given before a dental procedure if one is necessary?
Amoxicillin 2 grams PO given 1 hr before procedure
96
A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what dx?
Toxoplasmosis
97
What is the drug of choice to tx urethritis caused by neisseria?
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
98
Is Klebsiella gram + or -?
Gram -
99
A gram positive organism in clusters should make you think of what dx?
Staph
100
What is the best test for dx'ing Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies
101
A Gram-negative coccobaccili found in the sputum of a pt with pneumonia should make you think of what dx?
H. flu
102
What med is used as prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis?
Rifampin

Casey: Panre (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions