Genitourinary Embryology and Histology (6) Flashcards
(47 cards)
What forms much of the urogenital system
intermediate mesoderm
What are the three regions of the developing urinary system
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
What comes of the pronephros
degenrates early on, it may concentrate urine but doesn’t have ducts to excrete it
What comes of the mesonephros
the glomerulus surrounded by a capsule, the mesonephric tubule extends toward the capillary bed from the mesonephric duct (in function weeks 6-10)
What is the formation of the mesonephric (wolffian) duct
primary mesonephric ducts extend caudally and stimulate the formation of mesonephric tubules, then it becomes the mesonephric (wolffian) duct and attaches to the cloaca
What happens to the mesonephric (wolffian) duct in males and females
it develops the ureteric bud, and regresses in females, but becomes the ductus deferens in males
What comes of the metanephros
the ureteric bud grows into the posterior intermediate mesoderm and the ureteric bud elongates, branches, and becomes the collecting duct system
What is the metanephric blastema, and what does it do
it is the cells surrounding the metanephric duct, and it uses reciprocal inductive signals with the ureteric bud to create nephrons
what is a nephron, and what are its parts
it is the functional unit of the kidney
- Glomerulus
- bowmans capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting duct
Where do the nephrons form from and are the inner or outer nephrons older
nephrons form from the ampulla, and the inner nephrons are older than the outer nephrons
How do you go from the ureteric bud to 1-3 million nephrons
the ureteric bud undergoes bifurcations
- first ampulla = renal pelvis
- week 6, 4 bifurcations = major calyces
- week 7, more bifurcations = minor calcyes
- week 32, many bifurcations = millions of nephrons
when is nephrogenesis completed
by birth
What happens in the migration of the kidneys
they migrate from the pelvis to the lateral abdomen and come in contact with the adrenal glands
What is the urogential sinus, and what is it continuous with
the urogenital sinus is a sinus that develops into the bladder, and its continuous with the base of the allantois
what is incorporated into the bladder
mesonephric ducts, and ureteric bud
What is congenital polycystic kidney
an autosomal dominant disorder where the kidneys are filled with cysts
What is horseshoe kidney
when the two kidneys fuse together
what is duplex ureter and kidney
when one side has two ureteric buds, so they form two ureters and kidneys on one side (the other side still has a normal kidney and ureter)
What is bilateral renal agenesis (oligohydramnios or potters syndrome)
when both kidneys fail to form
What are urachal fistulas and urachal sinuses
when the allantois is persistent a tube forms from the bladder to the umbilicus, which causes urine to flow out freely there. (URACHAL FISTULA)
when the allantois is partially persistent, less fluid, that is more viscus and mucousy comes out of the umbilicus (URACHAL SINUS)
What forms the male tubes of the urinary system?
what forms the female tubes of the urinary system
Mesonephric ducts form the males tubes, (and ureteric buds)
Paramesonephric ducts form the female tubes
What are other names for the mesonephric ducts and paramesonephric ducts
mesonephric = wolffian Paramesonephric = mullerian
What happens in male sexual duct differentiation
- sertoli cells secrete mullerian inhibiting substance (AMH) causing paramesoneprhic ducts to degenerate
- testosterone stimulates mesonephric ducts to develop into the ductus deferens
What happens in female sexual duct differentiation
- NO mullerian inhibitory factor or testosterone leads to the degeneration of the mesoneprhic ducts, and the paramesoneprhic ducts continue to develop
