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Terminology 2 > Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Genitourinary System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Urinary system functions

A

Excretion of toxic nitrogenous substances in the urine to maintain a healthy balance of the amount and content of extra cellular fluid inside the body.

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

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3
Q

What does metabolism do

A

Changes food and liquid (fats, carbs, proteins ) into building blocks, energy sources, and waste products.

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4
Q

Breakdown of proteins and amino acids in the liver leaves …. in the blood stream

A

Chemical waste (urea, creatinine, uric acid)

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5
Q

Act of releasing urine

A

Urination
Voiding
Or micturition

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6
Q

Urinary system is composed of

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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7
Q

Kidney function

A

Filter blood & eliminate waste through passage of urine

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8
Q

Work of urinary system is done mainly by

A

Specialised tissue in kidney called parenchymal tissue.

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9
Q

Ureters

A

thin, muscular tubes that move urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the bladder.

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10
Q

Bladder

A

sac that stores the urine until it is excreted.

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11
Q

Bladder is linedwith

A 
Epithelial mucous membrane of transitional cells
Then 
Lamina propria
Then
Detruser muscles
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12
Q

Detruser muscles

A

Contract to release urine

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13
Q

Lamina propria composed of…. and their purpose..

A

connective tissues that hold blood vessels and nerves.

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14
Q

Urethra

A

is the tube that conducts the urine out of the bladder .

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15
Q

Opening of urethra

A

Urinary meatus

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16
Q

Trigone

A

The triangular area in the bladder between the ureters entrance and the urethral outlet

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17
Q

Ureters, bladder and urethra are al …tissue

A

Stromal (supportive tissue)

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18
Q

Kidneys are located

A

high in the abdominal cavity, tucked under the ribs in the back and behind the lining the abdominal cavity ( retroperitoneal )

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19
Q

The normal human kidney is about the size of a

A

Fist

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20
Q

Renal capsule

A

The tough outer covering of the kidney

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21
Q

cortex (pl. cortices)

A

Outer portion of kidney (inside the capsule)

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22
Q

Medulla (pl medullae)

A

inner portion of kidney

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23
Q

The renal pelvis and calyces (sing. calyx) are an extension of

A

The ureter inside the kidney

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24
Q

Renal pyramids

A

triangular sections that extend from the renal medulla toward the renal pelvis .

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25
Papilla
The downward point of the pyramid
26
Renal
Pertaining to the kidney
27
The ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is
the area where the ureter joins the renal pelvis. Usually is a site of obstruction
28
The hilum (pl. hila)
the location on the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the kidney and the renal artery enters
29
nephrons
Millions of microscopic units in the tissues of cortex where blood undergoes urinary filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that measures, monitors, and adjusts the levels of substances in the extracellular fluid
30
Uria
urinary condition
31
Anuria
Condition of no urine
32
Dysuria
Condition of painful urination
33
Enuresis
Bed wetting (can be nocturnal or diurnal)
34
Nephr/o
Kidney
35
acute nephritic syndrome
Hypertension , hematuria , and proteinuria ( protein in the urine ) resulting from damage to the glomeruli.
36
Golmeruli
filtering unit of the kidney, is a unique bundle of capillaries located in nephrons
37
Nephrotic syndrome / nephrosis
Abnormal group of signs in the kidney, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema, may occur in glomerular disease and as a complication of many systemic diseases (eg, diabetes mellitus ).
38
hypoalbuminemia
abnormally low levels of albumin in the blood
39
Vesicoureteral reflux
Abnormal backflow of urine from bladder to ureter
40
Py/o
Pus
41
Pyonephrosis
Pyogenic infection of the kidney
42
Hydronephrosis
Dilation of the renal pelvis and calices because of obstruction of the flow of urine
43
Nocturia
Excessive urination at night
44
Oliguria
Condition of scanty or little urination
45
Olig/o
Few
46
Polyuria
Condition of excessive urination
47
Urinary retention
Inability to release urine
48
Vesical tenesmus
Bladder spasms causing feeling of not complete emptiness of bladder
49
Vesic/o
Bladder
50
Extravasation of urine
Urine leaking outside the bladder into surrounding tissue
51
Hematuria
Blood in urine
52
Incontinence urinary
Inability to hold urine
53
Ren/o
Kidney
54
Extrarenal uremia
Uremia due to kidney failure caused by disease outside the kidney eg: heart failure
55
Uremia
Excessive urea in blood
56
Urolothiasis
Stones in anywhere in the urinary tract. Usually in bladder or renal pelvis
57
Cystolithiasis
Stones in urinary bladder
58
What is the reason for urinary calculi (stones)
Excess if mineral calcium
59
Nephroptosis
Sagging of the kidney
60
Cyst/o
Bladder
61
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
62
Interstitial terminology
Inter: between Stiti/o: space Al: pertaining to
63
Interstitial cystitis (IC)
Painful inflammation of the wall of the bladder. Symptoms include urinary frequency and urgency
64
Trigonitis
Inflammation of the bladder between the inlet of the ureters and outlet of urethra
65
Urethral stricture (urethral stenosis)
Narrowing of the urethra
66
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infections anywhere in the urinary system caused by bacteria, parasites, yeast and protozoa.
67
Cystectomy
Cutting out part or all of the urinary bladder.
68
Cystolithotomy
Incision to cut a stone out of the urinary bladder.
69
Lithotomy vs lithotripsy
Cutting out a stone vs crushing a stone
70
Cystoscopy
Viewing and examination of urinary bladder using cystoscope
71
Lithotripsy
Stone crushing tp prevent or clean an obstruction in the urinary system. Using high energy shock waves or a dye laser. Fragments may be washed out or expelled naturally
72
Nepherectomy
Resection of the kidney
73
Nephrolithotomy
Incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone.
74
Nephropexy
Suspension of fixation of the kidney
75
Nephrostomy
Opening made in the kidney so that a catheter can be inserted
76
Nephrotomy
. Incision of the kidney.
77
Renal dialysis
Process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove substances that a healthy kidney would eliminate , including poisons, drugs, urea, unc acid , and creatinine .
78
Dialysis
Dia: complete Lysis: breaking down
79
Renal transplant
Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
80
Urthrolysis
Destruction of adhesions of the urethra
81
Urinalysis
Physical, chemical, and/ or microscopic examination of urine
82
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Blood test that measures the amount of nitrogenous waste in the circulatory system ; an increased level is an indicator of kidney dysfunction.
83
Hemodialysis (HD)
Type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration and then returning it to the patient's circulation

Terminology 2 (4 decks)

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