Hematic System

Question 1

Hematic Cells that are responsible for protection of body from infection

Answer 1

White blood cells
Antibodies
Macrophages

Question 2

Red blood cells life span vs white blood cells life span

Answer 2

120 days/ 13-20 day

Question 3

Homeostasis (steady state)

Answer 3

is a continual balancing act of the body systems to provide an internal environment that is compatible with life.

Question 4

What is the blood is responsible for

Answer 4

• Transportation of gases (oxygen [O2] and carbon dioxide [CO2]), chemical substances (hormones, nutrients, salts), and cells that defend the body.
• Regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and body temperature.
• Protection of the body from infection.
• Protection of the body from loss of blood by the action of clotting.

Question 5

What is The lymph system responsible for

Answer 5

• Cleansing the cellular environment.
• Returning proteins and tissue fluids to the blood (drainage).
• Providing a pathway for the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream.

Question 6

What is The immune system responsible for

Answer 6

Defending the body against disease via the immune response.

Question 7

Tissue fluid is drained by …… and is transported by …….. toward the heart.

Answer 7

lymphatic capillaries

larger lymphatic vessels

Question 8

The organs in the lymphatic system are 5

Answer 8

spleen 
thymus gland 
tonsils
appendix
Peyer’s patches.

Question 9

The spleen is located in

Answer 9

upper left quadrant

Question 10

Spleen function

Answer 10

filter, store, and produce blood cells; remove red blood cells (RBCs); and activate B lymphocytes.

Question 11

The thymus gland is located

Answer 11

mediastinum.

Question 12

Thymus gland function

Answer 12

development of T lymphocytes (T cells).

Question 13

Tonsils function

Answer 13

helps protect the entrance to the respiratory and digestive systems.

Question 14

The vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches are lymphoid tissue located in

Answer 14

the intestines

Question 15

hematopoiesis

Answer 15

The formation of blood

Question 16

hematopoiesis, begins in

Answer 16

the bone marrow

Question 17

(whole) blood

Answer 17

= blood cells (45% ) plasma (55%)

Question 18

Single cell in which all types of cells begin with

Answer 18

multipotential (pluri potent) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), or hemocytoblast.

Question 19

The solid portion of blood is composed of three different types of cells:

Answer 19

1. Erythrocytes,
2. Leukocytes,
3. Thrombocytes,

Question 20

Erythrocytes

Answer 20

RBCs

Question 21

Leukocytes

Answer 21

WBCs

Question 22

Thrombocytes

Answer 22

clotting cells, cell fragments, or platelets.

Question 23

there are about…..of blood in a 150-lb (68-kg) person

Answer 23

5L

Question 24

Red blood cells number

Answer 24

Millions

Question 25

Functions of RBCs

Answer 25

transporting O2 and CO2 throughout the body.

Question 26

hemoglobin.

Answer 26

protein-iron pigment that are the vehicle for transportation of O2 and Co2

Question 27

hemoglobin when combined with oxygen, it is termed

Answer 27

oxyhemoglobin

Question 28

The formation of RBCs happens in .... and is stimulated by....

Answer 28

red bone marrow, erythropoietin

Question 29

erythropoietin

Answer 29

hormone from the kidneys

Question 30

after 120 days RBCs decompose into

Answer 30

hemosiderin

Question 31

hemosiderin

Answer 31

iron pigment resulting from hemolysis, and bilirubin

Question 32

Hemolysis

Answer 32

rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells

Question 33

hemosiderin is stored in ...... and why?

Answer 33

liver to be recycled into new RBCs,

Question 34

Abnormal RBCs can be named by their

Answer 34

morphology

Question 35

morphology

Answer 35

study of shape or form.

Question 36

RBCs shapes

Answer 36

biconcave, disclike shape and are anuclear | without a nucleus). (Although the center is depressed, there is not an actual hole.

Question 37

sickle cell anemia

Answer 37

hereditary condition where RBCs resemble a crescent or sickle. It’s caused by an abnormal hemoglobin in a number of Africans and African Americans

Question 38

Hemoglobin terminology

Answer 38

Hemo: blood Globin: protein substance

Question 39

Myel/o

Answer 39

Bone marrow

Question 40

Erythropoietin terminology

Answer 40

Erythr/o: red | Poietin: forming substance

Question 41

Hemosiderin terminology

Answer 41

Hemo/o: blood | Siderin: iron substance

Question 42

Hemolysis terminology

Answer 42

Blood | Lysis: breaking down

Question 43

Morphology terminology

Answer 43

Morth/o: shape or form | Logy: study of

Question 44

Num of leukocytes

Answer 44

thousands

Question 45

General function of WBC

Answer 45

protect the body from invasion by pathogens.

Question 46

two main types of WBCs:

Answer 46

granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Question 47

Granulocytes are named for... and another name for them is .....

Answer 47

Their appearance polymorphonucleocytes

Question 48

three types of granulocytes,

Answer 48

1. Eosinophils 2. Basophils 3. Neuotrophils

Question 49

Granulocytes are named for

Answer 49

the type of dye that it attracts.

Question 50

Eosinophils (eosins) are cells that absorb ..... causing them to appear....

Answer 50

acidic dye | Reddish

Question 51

An increase in eosinophils is a response to

Answer 51

defending the body against allergens and parasites.

Question 52

Neutrophils absorb.... their color is ....

Answer 52

do not absorb either an acidic or a basic dye purplish color.

Question 53

most numerous WBCs are

Answer 53

Neutrophils

Question 54

Neutrophils specialise in

Answer 54

phagocytosis and generally combat bacteria in pyogenic infections.

Question 55

Neutrophils are drawn to a site of..... and their function is....

Answer 55

Pathogenic invasion consume the enemy and remove the debris resulting from the battle.

Question 56

Why are immature neutrophils referred to as band cells or stabs

Answer 56

Because the nucleus in immature neutrophils has a long “bandlike” shape

Question 57

Stabs in german is

Answer 57

Rod

Question 58

When neutrophils turn into adult cells and the nuclei is divided into clumps the cells are called

Answer 58

Segs

Question 59

Basophils absorb and ......they stain a .... color

Answer 59

basic (or alkaline) dye bluish color.

Question 60

Basophils Especially effective in combating

Answer 60

parasites

Question 61

Basophils release

Answer 61

Histamine and heparin

Question 62

histamine

Answer 62

substance that initiates an inflammatory response

Question 63

Heparin

Answer 63

anticoagulant

Question 64

Histamine and heparin are instrumental in

Answer 64

healing damaged tissue.

Question 65

Granulocytes terminology

Answer 65

Granulo/ little grain | Cyte: cell

Question 66

Polymorphonucleocyte terminology

Answer 66

Poly: many Morph/o: shape Nuce/o: nucleus Cyte: cell

Question 67

Eosinophils terminology

Answer 67

Eosin: rosy colored Phil: attraction

Question 68

Neurophil terminology

Answer 68

Neur/o: neutral | Phil: attraction

Question 69

Phagocytes terminology

Answer 69

Phag/o: eat, swallow | Cyte: cells

Question 70

Agranulocytes (Mononuclear Leukocytes) are named for

Answer 70

their lack of granules. | Because they have 1 nucleus

Question 71

Agranulocytes originate in ..... and mature in.....

Answer 71

Bone marrow | Lymphatic system

Question 72

two types of Agranulocytes

Answer 72

Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 73

Monocytes are named for ..... and they transform into .....

Answer 73

their single, large nucleus macrophages that do phagocytosis

Question 74

key of the immune response is

Answer 74

Lymphocytes

Question 75

Foreign substances entering the body are

Answer 75

Antigens

Question 76

neutralizers are called

Answer 76

antibodies

Question 77

Function of lymphocytes

Answer 77

recognition” of antigens and the manufacture of their antibodies (b)

Question 78

Why are thrombocytes called platelets

Answer 78

Because have a round or oval shape and they look like small plates.

Question 79

coagulation

Answer 79

process of changing a liquid to a solid. | تخثر

Question 80

.... are responsible for coagulation

Answer 80

Platelets

Question 81

When blood escapes the normal vessels platelets....

Answer 81

Agglutinate or clump together

Question 82

Thrombocyte terminology

Answer 82

Thromb/o= clot, clotting | Cyte: cell

Question 83

Hemostasis terminology

Answer 83

Hem/o : blood | Stasis: stopping

Question 84

Plasma is composed of

Answer 84

1. Water, or H2O (90%) 2. Inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, sodium) 3. Organic substances (glucose, amino acids, fats, cholesterol, hormones) 4. Waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, creatinine) 5. Plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, and two clotting proteins

Question 85

What are the 2 clotting proteins in plasme

Answer 85

fibrinogen and prothrombin)

Question 86

Serum (pl. sera)

Answer 86

plasma minus the clotting proteins.

Question 87

Serology

Answer 87

the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection