Geoecology - Biomes

Question 1

What is a biome

Answer 1

A large area of the earths surface where climate, soil, natural vegetation and animal life are inter related

Question 2

How are biomes names

Answer 2

Dominant vegetation found in it

Question 3

Where does tropical rainforest biome lie

Answer 3

In the tropics close to the equator

Question 4

Country with the worlds greatest diversity of plant and animal life

Answer 4

Madagascar

Question 5

Continents where there are rainforest

Answer 5

Central and south americañ
Africa
Australasia

Question 6

Function of rainforest to planter

Answer 6

Produce 30% of our fresh water by transpiration
Has greatest diversity of biodiversity on planet
Provide oxygen

Question 7

Rainforest in Brazil

Answer 7

Amazon

Question 8

River in amazon rainforest

Answer 8

Amazon river

Question 9

Climate at amazon rainforest

Answer 9

Tropical/ equatorial climate

Question 10

Why is it sunny at tropical climate

Answer 10

Region of maximum solar heating on earths surface
Sunlight strikes at 90° angle.
12 hours sunlight a day

Question 11

Average temperature in tropical climate

Answer 11

27°

Question 12

Why is there tropical conventional rainfall

Answer 12

Large heat causes moisture to evaporate. It rises and cools forming heavy rain

Question 13

Annual rainfall in amazon

Answer 13

2500 to 6600mm a year

Question 14

What will warmer weather with climate change mean for amazon

Answer 14

Drying months will be prolonged leading to widespread drying

Question 15

What will climate change results in for animals in rainforest

Answer 15

Unlikely to find suitable environment if they can’t move fast enough eg sloth

Temperature dependent species eg fish, distribution will change

Question 16

Zonal soil associated with tropical rainforest biome

Answer 16

Latosol

Question 17

WHere are nutrients found in soil in rainforest

Answer 17

Close to surface (O horizon)
Humification happens quickly due to heat and humidity
Plants use nutrients quickly
Quick nutrient cycle

Question 18

What soils develop when latosols are heated

Answer 18

Laterite

Question 19

Colour of latosols

Answer 19

Red

Question 20

Ph of latosols

Answer 20

Acidic

Question 21

Latosols humus content

Answer 21

Low,

Rapid production and rapid uptake by plants

Question 22

What layer of rainforest do most animals live in

Answer 22

Canopy

Question 23

Why does rainforest have every green appearance despite containing deciduous trees

Answer 23

Trees have different growing seasons

Question 24

Tropical rainforest trees example

Answer 24

Mahogany
Palm oil
Brazil nut

Question 25

4 layers of the rainforest

Answer 25

Emergent layer Canopy layer Understory Forest floor

Question 26

Who lives on forest floor

Answer 26

Indigenous people Gorilla Jaguar Anteater

Question 27

Who lives in understory

Answer 27

Insects Snakes Lizards Birds in hollows of trees

Question 28

How high up is canopy layer

Answer 28

20-40m

Question 29

Who lives in canopy layer

Answer 29

``` Insects, Spiders Birds Monkey Vines Moses ```

Question 30

How high up is emergent layer

Answer 30

40-80m

Question 31

Who lives in emergent layer

Answer 31

Birds | Tree tops

Question 32

how do leaves adapt to heavy rainfall

Answer 32

Flexible leaves and branches Oily coating / waxy Holes

Question 33

How do vegetation adapt to hot temp

Answer 33

Smooth, thin bark | No need for protection from water loss like in freezing temperatures

Question 34

Adaptions of vegetation to soil

Answer 34

Shallow root system because of quick nutrient cycle | Burgess roots and stilt roots to support tall trees

Question 35

How many insect species in amazon

Answer 35

30mklliom

Question 36

How have animals adapted to layer

Answer 36

Good at flying/jumping as some never touch forest floor eg Spider monkey, tail can wrap around branch and acts as another arm

Question 37

When is the dry seasons

Answer 37

June to October

Question 38

How has an animal adapted to the climate

Answer 38

Dry season - river levels drop and sandy banks exposed. Opportunity for Giant Amazon river turtle to find a high point and lay eggs, hot sand used as incubator As climate changes seasons change and turtles may not be vale to adapt quick enough

Question 39

How can some species of frog live away from ponds and river

Answer 39

High humidity level

Question 40

What animals use camouflage

Answer 40

Moths, stick insects | For protection from predators

Question 41

Depth of soil

Answer 41

40m

Question 42

How many species of tree in amazon

Answer 42

2500

Question 43

Why has deforestation increase in amazon rainforest

Answer 43

The construction of the trans-amazonian Highway

Question 44

How much of the rainforest remains

Answer 44

87%

Question 45

Why are rainforests been cleared in Amazon

Answer 45

Agriculture Building materials Cattle ranching

Question 46

What is the largest cause for deforestation in the Amazon rainforest

Answer 46

Cattle ranchung

Question 47

How much does cattle ranching account for percentagewise of the deforestation

Answer 47

75%

Question 48

What crops are being grown in the cut done land

Answer 48

Cash crops e.g. soya beans

Question 49

Impact of deforestation on the biome

Answer 49

Loss of habitat for millions of species Lack of possible medicinal ingredients Increases the speed of climate change Desertification of soil

Question 50

Why will the extinction of one species in the biome affect others

Answer 50

The plants and animals in the biome a part of a complex web of interdependence

Question 51

Percentage of species of plants that have been tested for medicinal ingredients

Answer 51

1%

Question 52

How does deforestation increase climate change

Answer 52

Rainforest = lungs of earth, producing oxygen and absorbing harmful greenhouse gases Create water vapour through transpiration

Question 53

How much water vapour does each tree produce a year

Answer 53

775 L

Question 54

Why will deforestation cause disertification

Answer 54

Tree roots help bond soil and absorb water in tropical rainfall Leaf fall give plant litter for humus Exposes soil to wind and sun Sun-dried out and forms hard brick like laterite

Question 55

How does government control deforestation

Answer 55

Expand the area is protected | Establish task force IBAMA

Question 56

Example of cash crop in Brazil

Answer 56

SoyaI bean

Question 57

Where are Brazil soya bean sent

Answer 57

Europe for animal feed

Question 58

How is the ranching not suitable for Amazon rainforest soil

Answer 58

The grass cuddles need deplete the soil of its nutrients The native grass begins to grow Cattle can’t feed on eight of grass Farmers clear more land and move their herd

Question 59

What goes in their area farmers used for cattle ranching

Answer 59

Cash crop agriculture (monoculture)

Question 60

Examples of natural resources discovered and exploited in Amazon

Answer 60

Gold Iron ore Water for hydroelectric power

Question 61

Evidence of mining

Answer 61

Brazil’s Amazon rainforest is home to the worlds largest iron ore mine carajás

Question 62

How does mining cause pollution

Answer 62

Toxic materials used to separate the gold from the iron ore spill onto the land and cause water pollution. impact on health of humans and fauna Government control is relaxed as most mines are small

Question 63

Hydroelectric power accounts for how much of Brazil’s energy consumption

Answer 63

80%

Question 64

How do dams damage Amazon

Answer 64

Loss of biodiversity and indigenous Land Prevent fish from moving upstream disturbing the routine of the biome other interdependence Villages and indigenous communities of uprooted

Question 65

How many amerIndians remain in the Amazon basin

Answer 65

600,000

Question 66

What could be possibly more profitable than deforestation

Answer 66

Eco-tourism

Question 67

How much of the rainforests precipitation is made up of water from its own transportation

Answer 67

50%