Folding, Faulting And Doming

Question 1

Define deformation

Answer 1

Any change in shape or size of the rock as a result of stress. Results in folding, faulting and Doming

Question 2

What are the Forces of deformation

Answer 2

Compression - folding
tension - stretching and thinning - faulting
shearing - faulting

Question 3

What plate is compression associated with

Answer 3

Converging plates

Question 4

What’s plates is tension associated with

Answer 4

Divergent plates

Question 5

What’s plates is sharing associated with

Answer 5

Convergent and transform plates

Question 6

What is a fold

Answer 6

A wave or bend in the stratified rock layers of the Earth’s crust

Question 7

What is a fault

Answer 7

A cracker fracture with movement along both sides of the earths crust

Question 8

In what direction are anticline folds going

Answer 8

Upwards

A shape

Question 9

In what direction are syncline folds going

Answer 9

Downwards

V shape

Question 10

Types of folds

Answer 10

Simple/ symmetric fold
Asymmetric fold
Overfold
Recumbent fold 
Overthrust fold

Question 11

Describe a symmetrical fold

Answer 11

Both limbs are equal steepness as compression is applied evenly from both sides

Question 12

Describe an asymmetric fold

Answer 12

One limb is steeper than the other as more compression is applied to one side than the other

Question 13

Describe an overfold

Answer 13

Compression from one side is so much greater than one limb is pushed over the other

Question 14

Describe recumbent folds

Answer 14

Compression over time causes overfold to fold completely on top of each other

Question 15

Describe an overthrust fold

Answer 15

Force of compression is so great that rocks break as one limb is pushed too far over the other

Question 16

What rock is easiest to fold and why

Answer 16

Sedimentary as it’s the softest

Question 17

Eras of folding

Answer 17

Caledonian
Amorican
Alpine

Question 18

What plates caused the Caledonian folds

Answer 18

Collision of American and Eurasian plates

Question 19

How long ago did the Caledonian folding take place

Answer 19

400 mya

Question 20

Examples of Caledonian mountains

Answer 20

Twelve pins
Wicklow mountains
Appalachians, USA

Question 21

How long ago did amorican folding begin

Answer 21

250 mya

Question 22

What two plates cause the amorican folding

Answer 22

Eurasian and African plates

Question 23

Examples of amorican folding

Answer 23

Ridge and Valley landscape in Munster

Question 24

How long ago did the alpine folding occur

Answer 24

30 million years ago

Question 25

What two plates chased the alpine folding

Answer 25

Collision of African and Indian plate with Eurasian

Question 26

Examples of Alpine mountains

Answer 26

Himalayas Rockies Alps

Question 27

3 types of fault are

Answer 27

Normal fault Reverse fault Tear fault

Question 28

When do normal faults happen (what’s happening to the rock)

Answer 28

Tension stretches the rock

Question 29

What’s a Rift Valley

Answer 29

Occurs when two faults occur side by side eg eats African Rift Valley

Question 30

what is a block mountain or Horst

Answer 30

What’s left standing in between the two Rift valleys | Mountains with steep sided and flat top

Question 31

Example of block mountain

Answer 31

Ox mountains in Sligo

Question 32

Another name for Rift Valley

Answer 32

Graben

Question 33

When does a tear vault happen | What’s happening to the rock

Answer 33

Rock is shearing as it’s pushed in opposite directions

Question 34

Example of a tear fault

Answer 34

San Andreas fault

Question 35

What occurs at a reverse fault (to the rock)

Answer 35

Rock is shortened by compression

Question 36

What’s is a thrust fault

Answer 36

A type of reverse fault where the Angie of the fall is almost horizontal. The higher rock can be pushed forward

Question 37

Impact of faulting on the landscape

Answer 37

A Rift Valley

Question 38

What is a dome

Answer 38

A structure shaped like an upturned bowl

Question 39

How is a dome formed

Answer 39

Great amounts of molten magma pushed up from under the earths crust pushing the overlying layers of rock upwards making a dome shape

Question 40

Example of doming in Ireland

Answer 40

Slieve Bloom mountains, laois-Offaly

Question 41

What is an orogeny

Answer 41

Process of folding

Question 42

How long does folding take

Answer 42

Millions of years as plates move very slowly

Question 43

Examples of Caledonian folding in Ireland

Answer 43

``` Dublin Wicklow mountains Leinster batholiths (doming) ```

Question 44

Example off armorican folding in Ireland

Answer 44

Anticlines and synclines of Munster ridge and valley Eg macgiillycuddyreeks (carentuhill) River lee