Geography

Question 1

What are clouds?

Answer 1

Clouds are tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air.

Question 2

Name three main types of clouds.

Answer 2

Cumulus stratus cirrus.

Question 3

What are air masses?

Answer 3

Large bodies of air with similar temperature and humidity.

Question 4

Name four main types of air masses.

Answer 4

Tropical continental tropical maritime polar continental polar maritime.

Question 5

What is coastal management?

Answer 5

Strategies to protect the coastline from erosion and flooding.

Question 6

Give one hard and one soft engineering method.

Answer 6

Hard: sea wall; Soft: beach nourishment.

Question 7

What is longshore drift?

Answer 7

The movement of sediment along the coast by wave action.

Question 8

Name one landform created by deposition.

Answer 8

Spit.

Question 9

Name two landforms created by coastal erosion.

Answer 9

Headlands and bays arches.

Question 10

Name four coastal erosion processes.

Answer 10

Hydraulic action abrasion attrition solution.

Question 11

What is qualitative data?

Answer 11

Descriptive data (e.g. photos opinions).

Question 12

What is quantitative data?

Answer 12

Numerical data (e.g. temperature population).

Question 13

What are settlements?

Answer 13

Places where people live and establish a community.

Question 14

Name three types of settlement patterns.

Answer 14

Linear nucleated dispersed.

Question 15

What does the Hoyt model describe?

Answer 15

Urban land use arranged in sectors from the city centre.

Question 16

What does the Burgess model show?

Answer 16

Urban land use in concentric rings (CBD in the centre).

Question 17

What is a physical landscape?

Answer 17

Natural features like rivers mountains coasts.

Question 18

What is a human landscape?

Answer 18

Man-made features like buildings roads cities.

Question 19

What is meant by distribution in geography?

Answer 19

The way something is spread out over an area.

Question 20

What is a choropleth map?

Answer 20

A map that uses different shades or colours to show data density or values.

Question 21

Why are motorways important in geography?

Answer 21

They improve transport connect cities and support economic activity.

Question 22

What is a 4-figure grid reference used for?

Answer 22

To locate a specific square on a map.

Question 23

What is a 6-figure grid reference used for?

Answer 23

To locate an exact point within a grid square on a map.

Question 24

How do you read a grid reference?

Answer 24

Go along the corridor (eastings) then up the stairs (northings).

Question 25

What are map symbols?

Answer 25

Pictures or icons used to represent real-world features on a map.

Question 26

Where can you find the meanings of map symbols?

Answer 26

In the map key or legend.

Question 27

What is relief on a map?

Answer 27

The height and shape of the land shown using contour lines or shading.

Question 28

What do close contour lines mean?

Answer 28

Steep slope.

Question 29

What do wide contour lines mean?

Answer 29

Gentle slope.

Question 30

What does EQ stand for in geography fieldwork?

Answer 30

Environmental Quality Survey – a method to assess how good or poor an environment is.

Question 31

How is an Environmental Quality Survey carried out?

Answer 31

By scoring different aspects of a place (e.g. noise litter greenery) using a rating scale.

Question 32

Why are EQ surveys useful?

Answer 32

They help compare the quality of different environments and identify areas for improvement.

Question 33

What is coastal erosion?

Answer 33

The wearing away of land by the sea.

Question 34

Name three types of coastal erosion.

Answer 34

Hydraulic action abrasion attrition.

Question 35

How are caves formed?

Answer 35

Waves erode cracks in the headland enlarging them into caves.

Question 36

How are arches formed?

Answer 36

Caves break through a headland to form an arch.

Question 37

What happens after an arch collapses?

Answer 37

It leaves a stack which may later become a stump.

Question 38

Name one famous example of a coastal arch.

Answer 38

Durdle Door on the Jurassic Coast.

Question 39

Why does erosion happen faster on some coasts?

Answer 39

Because of soft rock strong waves or lack of protection.

Question 40

How can human activity increase coastal erosion?

Answer 40

Building too close to the edge or removing natural barriers like dunes.

Question 41

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 41

The force of water hitting the coastline and breaking rocks apart.

Question 42

What is abrasion?

Answer 42

Rocks being thrown at cliffs wearing them away.

Question 43

What is attrition?

Answer 43

Rocks hitting each other and breaking into smaller smoother pieces.

Question 44

What is solution (in erosion)?

Answer 44

Chemicals in the water dissolving certain types of rocks.

Question 45

Name a feature formed by longshore drift.

Answer 45

Spit.

Question 46

What is a tombolo?

Answer 46

A spit that connects the mainland to an island.

Question 47

What is a bar?

Answer 47

A spit that grows across a bay trapping water behind it.

Question 48

What is beach nourishment?

Answer 48

Adding sand or shingle to a beach to make it higher or wider.

Question 49

What is a groyne?

Answer 49

A wooden or stone barrier built at right angles to the beach to reduce longshore drift.

Question 50

What is a sea wall?

Answer 50

A concrete wall built to reflect waves and prevent erosion.

Question 51

What is managed retreat?

Answer 51

Allowing certain areas of the coast to flood naturally.

Question 52

Name a type of soft engineering.

Answer 52

Dune regeneration.

Question 53

What are prevailing winds?

Answer 53

Winds that blow most often in a particular direction.

Question 54

How do waves form?

Answer 54

Waves are formed by the wind blowing across the surface of the sea.

Question 55

What are constructive waves?

Answer 55

Waves that build up beaches with strong swash and weak backwash.

Question 56

What are destructive waves?

Answer 56

Waves that erode the coast with strong backwash and weak swash.

Question 57

What is weathering?

Answer 57

The breakdown of rocks in situ by weather conditions.

Question 58

What is erosion?

Answer 58

The wearing away and removal of rock by natural forces.

Question 59

What is transportation in rivers or coasts?

Answer 59

The movement of sediment from one place to another.

Question 60

What is deposition?

Answer 60

The laying down of material carried by rivers wind or waves.

Question 61

What is a headland?

Answer 61

A piece of land that juts out into the sea and is made of harder rock.

Question 62

What is a bay?

Answer 62

An area of softer rock eroded more quickly than headlands.

Question 63

What is a cave in coastal erosion?

Answer 63

A hollowed-out area in a cliff formed by wave action.

Question 64

What is an arch?

Answer 64

A curved opening formed when caves on both sides of a headland meet.

Question 65

What is a stack?

Answer 65

A tall rock left standing after an arch collapses.

Question 66

What is a stump?

Answer 66

A small rock left after a stack is eroded.

Question 67

What is urbanisation?

Answer 67

The growth of towns and cities.

Question 68

Name a human feature on a map.

Answer 68

Roads railways buildings.

Question 69

Name a physical feature on a map.

Answer 69

Rivers hills forests.

Question 70

What are the cardinal directions?

Answer 70

North South East West.

Question 71

What are contour lines?

Answer 71

Lines that show elevation and the shape of the land.

Question 72

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer 72

Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions; climate is long-term average weather.

Question 73

Name a renewable energy source.

Answer 73

Solar power.

Question 74

Name a non-renewable energy source.

Answer 74

Coal.

Question 75

What is deforestation?

Answer 75

The removal of large areas of forest.

Question 76

Why is plastic pollution a global issue?

Answer 76

It affects oceans wildlife and food chains across the planet.

Question 77

What is a primary industry?

Answer 77

An industry that extracts natural resources (e.g. farming mining).

Question 78

What is a secondary industry?

Answer 78

An industry that manufactures goods from raw materials.

Question 79

What is a tertiary industry?

Answer 79

An industry that provides services (e.g. teaching retail).

Question 80

How do humans use coasts?

Answer 80

For housing, tourism, fishing, and industry.

Question 81

What is a floodplain?

Answer 81

Flat land near a river that is likely to flood.

Question 82

Why are some coastlines more at risk than others?

Answer 82

Due to geology, wave energy, human activity, and lack of defences.