Geography PAPER1 natural hazards

Question 1

What is the difference between atmospheric and geological hazards

Answer 1

Atmospherical hazards are created by weather for example wind tornadoes
Geological hazards are created by the movement of the earths tectonic plates. For example earthquakes

Question 2

Explain what happens at a destructive plate margin

Answer 2

The oceanic and continental plates meet and they move towards each other, oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate, it’s sinks and forms magma then it can stick and cause friction which then pressure builds up and causes earthquakes and volcanoes

Question 3

Explain what happens at the constructive plate margin

Answer 3

Two oceanic plates move apart from each other the new oceanic crust forms in the gap then magma inject itself cools and formed new crust, shallow side of volcanoes form, as the two plates tear apart friction happens and it can cause earth quakes

Question 4

Explain what happens at the Conservative plate margin

Answer 4

As plates slide past each other friction between them causes earthquakes no volcanoes can be found here

Question 5

Give an economic reason to why people still live in areas at risk of tectonic hazards

Answer 5

Tourism that provides jobs/staff

Question 6

Give an environmental reason for why people still live in areas at risk of tectonic hazards

Answer 6

Fertile soils, earthquake proof buildings are built

Question 7

Give a social reason to why people still live in areas at risk of tectonic hazards

Answer 7

Attachment to the area that they live in, there is more cheap and clean electricity for people

Question 8

What is an immediate response to an earthquake

Answer 8

Aid being provided, the Red Cross, distribution of medical supplies

Question 9

Name a long-term response of an earthquake

Answer 9

Home is being repaired, strict buildings, locals are trained how to maintain crop watering

Question 10

What are the primary effects of an earthquake

Answer 10

Deaths on injury, homelessness, damage and destruction

Question 11

Name a secondary effects of earthquakes

Answer 11

Landslides, avalanches, floods, could be tsunamis

Question 12

What are earthquake planning strategies and how do they work

Answer 12

Survival kit and nonperishable food, water, blankets first aid, evacuation procedures, and practising earthquake drills

Question 13

What are earthquake monitoring strategies and how do they work

Answer 13

Seismometers which records vibrations from the ground to help us detect earthquakes, this gives people warning

Question 14

What are earthquake protection strategies and how do they work

Answer 14

Crossbracing which provides flexibility so buildings don’t collapse, existing buildings to be strengthened, automatic shut off switches to turn off gas and electricity supplies to prevent fires

Question 15

How can planning reduce the effect of a tropical storm

Answer 15

Practising evacuation drills with friends and family, ensuring vehicles have enough fuel for evacuation, disaster supply ckits

Question 16

How can prediction reduce the affects of a tropical storm

Answer 16

Aircraft and satellites can’t observe where tropical storm is forming, computer programs can predict the path of a storm and where is going to lead to

Question 17

How can protection reduce the effect of a tropical storm

Answer 17

Storm drains are built in urban areas which takeaway excess amount of rainfall, homes are built on stilts, shutters ordered two windows

Question 18

How can a tropical storm form

Answer 18

The Sun warms the oceans to 26° plus which causes evaporation, the moist air rises then it cools and condenses creating large clouds these large clouds bring intense rainfall and then our rushes back down into the centre of the storm and start spinning upwards creating an eye

Question 19

What is a tropical storm

Answer 19

A huge storm that develops in the tropics when there is low air pressure for example a hurricane

Question 20

What are the effects and impacts of the Somerset flood

Answer 20

House is flooded, agriculture was underwater/destroyed, residents were evacuated, power cut, high costs, contaminated flood water

Question 21

What are causes of flooding in the UK

Answer 21

Long periods of rainfall, high tides and storm surges,

Question 22

What management strategies were put in place to reduce the risk of flooding

Answer 22

Flood action plans that costed a lot of money to reduce the future floods, road levels were raised which protects communities, flood defences were to protect buildings

Question 23

Explain the global atmospheric circulation

Answer 23

Air from the equator rises towards the poles it cools then sinks 30° north and south, sinking air then creates high air pressure and then the air moves back to the equator at surface winds/Tradewinds

Question 24

How can monitoring strategies reduce the risk of a volcano

Answer 24

Scientists can monitor the signs that come before and eruption such as tiny earthquakes, escaping gas and changes in the shape of a volcano

Question 25

How can prediction strategies reduce the risk of a volcano

Answer 25

By monitoring the movement of tectonic plates and predicting when a volcano is at risk of eruption

Question 26

How can protection strategies reduce the risk of a volcano

Answer 26

Buildings are strengthened so they don’t collapse, trenches and barriers have been used to try to divert lava away from settlements

Question 27

Haw can planning strategies reduce the risk of a volcano

Answer 27

Emergency services come prepared by practising rescuing people from collapse buildings, educate people on what to do in the event of a hazard, emergency supplies like blankets clean water and food can be stocked

Question 28

What are the features of tropical storm

Answer 28

The eye of the storm which have calm conditions but high pressure, hurricanes can be 100s of kilometres wide, They rotate because the planet is spinning on an axis

Question 29

What directions do the storms travel in

Answer 29

All tropical storms travel east to west because of the way that the earth spins

Question 30

How would climate change affect the distribution of a tropical storm

Answer 30

Increasing sea temperatures may affect places that haven’t experienced tropical storms before and this could be caused by climate change in the future

Question 31

How climate change affect the frequency of a tropical storm

Answer 31

Due to weakening atmospheric systems they will occur less but be stronger

Question 32

How might climate change affect the intensity of a tropical storm

Answer 32

They are thought to become more intense because of the increasing number of category 4/5storms because they have increased since the 19 hundreds

Question 33

Where is somerset

Answer 33

Somerset is in the south west of england in the uk

Question 34

What are causes for the somerset flood

Answer 34

Long periods of rain got lost for several weeks, high tide storm surges that swept water up rivers, Rivers had not been dredged for years and the clogged with sediment

Question 35

What were the effects and impacts of the somerset flood

Answer 35

Houses flooded forms evacuated , residents had to leave their home, costs were very very expensive ,agriculture was underwater for 3 to 4 weeks, flood water was contaminated

Question 36

What were management strategies to reduce flood risk in the future.

Answer 36

Flood action plan put in place to discuss future flooding, dredge to increase the capacity of the river channel, board levels were raised to maintain communities and help businesses continue during flood events, riverbanks were raised and strengthened

Question 37

What is one piece of evidence for Climate Change

Answer 37

Rising sea levels As temperatures rise the ocean warms and expands cold thermal expansion

Question 38

What are shrinking glaciers

Answer 38

Glaciers change because of climate change they shrink and melt because glaciers reach the biggest in the 1800s

Question 39

What is a human cause of climate change

Answer 39

Enhanced greenhouse effect

Question 40

What is causing carbon dioxide to rise into the atmosphere

Answer 40

Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, car exhausts

Question 41

What causes to enhance greenhouse effect

Answer 41

Rice farming, form livestock and organic matter in landfill

Question 42

How does nitrous oxide affect the atmosphere

Answer 42

Agriculture fertilisers, power stations producing electricity, sewage treatment

Question 43

What is a mitigation strategy supposed to do

Answer 43

Reduce the causes of something and to stop the problem

Question 44

What is a adaptation supposed to do

Answer 44

Respond to the problem I’m trying to limit the impact

Question 45

What are alternative renewable energy sources that help reduce less carbon

Answer 45

Hydro electricity, nuclear power, solar wind and tidal energy

Question 46

How does carbon capture and storage reduce carbon

Answer 46

CCS uses Technology to capture carbon dioxide compress it and transport it then inject it underground as a liquid then is been stored in old oil and gas fields deep under the ground

Question 47

How does planting trees help reduce carbon

Answer 47

Trees act as carbon removers because they release oxygen on store carbon this is why you should not cut trees down because it releases carbon into the atmosphere

Question 48

How does international agreements reduce carbon

Answer 48

International agreements have helped reduce carbon because countries have signed an agreement to promise that they would cut the carpet emissions which will reduce the chances in climate change

Question 49

How do adapting farming methods cause less carbon

Answer 49

Using drought resistant crops in hot countries reduces loss of food supplies and crops being flooded and destroyed which is cheap and easy to make but reduces how many crops are produced

Question 50

How does reducing risk from rising sea levels reduce carbon

Answer 50

Flood barriers along coastlines and rivers protect land from sea level rise homes are built on raised platforms and stilts to reduce flood risk this is affective but also expensive