Geriatrics + GP Flashcards
Drugs associated with incontinence
Alcohol - polyuria, frequency, sedation
Anticholinergics - urinary retention + overflow
Alpha adrenergic blockers - urethral relaxation+ stress incontinence
Alpha adrenergic agonists - UR + overflow
ACE in - cough + stress incontinence
CCB - UR + overflow
Diuretics - polyuria + freq
what’s in the CHA2DS2vasc score?
CCF HTN AGE >74 = 2 Diabetes Stroke / TIA = 2 Vascular disease Age >65 = 1 Sex - female
score of 2 -> DOAC
Reversible causes of Urinary Incontinence
DIAPPERS Delirium Infection - UTI Atrophic vaginitis Psychological Pharmaceutics Excess fluids Restricted mobility Stool impaction
Non modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis and #
Female Age Oestrogen deficiency Testosterone deficiency Maternal hip # Previous low impact # Kyphosis
Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis + #
Malnutrition BMI <20 Lack of weight bearing exercise Endurance training Low Ca+ intake Vit D deficiency. Alcohol excess (>3units/day) Smoking
Medical conditions which increase risk of osteoporosis + #s
Immobility Hypogonadism CKD Cushings Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism Myeloma Malabsorptive syndromes Rheumatoid Arthritis
Medications that increase risk of osteoporosis + #s
Steroids Phenytoin Excess thyroxine Heparin PPIs PPARy inhibitors Lithium
DEXA scores for osteoporosis
Based on T score Normal is -1 or above Osteopenia is to -2.5 Osteoporosis is -2.5 and below Established Osteoporosis is -2.5 + below & fragility #
Potential causes of Delirium
Drugs Electrolyte + metabolic disturbance Lack of drugs + lack of sleep - ? untreated pain Infection Reduced sensory input Intracranial - head injury, stroke, infection Urinary retention / Constipation Myocardial - MI, CCF
Medications associated with delirium
Sedative hypnotics - BZDs, Z drugs, alcohol Antidepressants - amitryptiline, some SSRIs Anticholinergic agents - oxybutynin Opioids - esp tramadol + pethidine Anticonvulsants - esp phenytoin H2 antagonists - ranitidine Antiparkinson agents Antipsychotics Others - digoxin, copra, theophylline
Markers of frailty
Weight loss >5% in 12months Self-reported exhaustion Weakness Slow walking speed (>6s to walk 15 ft or delayed timed guag Decreased physical activity
Top 10 causes of sudden deterioration in Parkinson’s Disease
1. Constipation 2 . Infection / illness/ surgery 3. Stress 4. Dehydration 5. Withdrawal / change in medication 6. Drugs - neuroleptics 7. Depression 8. Acute/ chronic pain 9. Anxiety attacks 10. Poor sleep
Risk factors for developing a delerium
Age Underlying dementia polypharmacy catheterisation malnutrition changes of environment stress severe illness
