GESTALT APPROACH

Question 1

Is grouping objects that are close together as being part of same group

Answer 1

Proximity

Question 2

happens when objects in similar appreace are perceived as being part of the same group.

Answer 2

Similarity

Question 3

happens when objects that form a continuous form are perceived as the same group

Answer 3

Continuity

Question 4

happens when we fill gaps in if we can recognize it.

Answer 4

Closure

Question 5

It believes that we cannot fully understand behavior when we only break phenomena down into smaller parts.

Answer 5

Gestalt Psychology

Question 6

states that we best understand psychological phenomena when we view them as organized, structure wholes.

Answer 6

Gestalt Psychology

Question 7

is the identification and selection of solutions to the problem.

Answer 7

Problem solving

Question 8

• It is goal-oriented and rational and requires a clear well-defined goal.

Answer 8

Directed Thinking

Question 9

• These are meanders and plays a role in creativity and poorly-
defined problems.

Answer 9

Undirected Thinking

Question 10

2 types of problem solving

Answer 10

• Directed Thinking
• Undirected Thinking

Question 11

Different Kinds of Problems

Answer 11

• Well-defined problems
• Ill-defined problems

Question 12

• The following are made clear: goal state, initial state, subgoals, and problem space.

Answer 12

Well-defined Problems

Question 13

• The following are made clear: goal state, initial state, and subgoals. However, the problem space is often left unsaid.

Answer 13

Ill-defined Problems

Question 14

APPROACHES IN GESTALT

Answer 14

• Reproductive Thinking
• Productive Thinking

Question 15

• It is following a sequence known to produce a workable answer.

Answer 15

Reproductive Thinking

Question 16

• This includes insight and creativity to come up with a new answer.

Answer 16

Productive Thinking

Question 17

It is following a sequence known to produce a workable answer.

Answer 17

Reproductive Thinking

Question 18

It is when an organism readily reproduces the response to the given problem from past experience.

Answer 18

Reproductive Thinking

Question 19

Solving fixed problems, requires schemas, through which one
can get to the solution step by step.

Answer 19

Reproductive Thinking

Question 20

This includes insight and creativity to come up with a new answer.

Answer 20

Productive Thinking

Question 21

It requires something new and different to achieve the goal where prior learning is of little help.

Answer 21

Productive Thinking

Question 22

The person has to restructure a problem to gain an insight.

Answer 22

Productive Thinking

Question 23

• It is analysing the problem domain according to different dimensions, i.e., changing from one representation to another,
results in arriving at a new understanding of a problem.

Answer 23

Restructuring

Question 24

• It is a sudden realization that the new restructured representation is related to the solution.

Answer 24

Insight

Question 25

• It is an effect when habitual directions get in the way of finding new directions which is caused by previous experience or familiarity which can make problem solving more difficult. • It goes in functional fixedness and mental fixedness.

Answer 25

Fixation

Question 26

Kinds of fixation

Answer 26

- Functional Fixedness - Mental Fixedness

Question 27

• It concerns the solution of object-use problems

Answer 27

Functional Fixedness

Question 28

• It happens because of a mental set – a person’s tendency to respond to a given task in a manner based on past experience.

Answer 28

Mental Fixedness

Question 29

It concerns the solution of object-use problems. • It states that when the usual way of using an object is emphasized, it will be far more difficult for a person to use that object in a novel manner.

Answer 29

Functional Fixednes

Question 30

* It happens because of a mental set – a person’s tendency to respond to a given task in a manner based on past experience.

Answer 30

Mental Fixedness

Question 31

a quick shallow reading of the problem and/or weak monitoring of their efforts made to come to a solution.

Answer 31

sloppiness

Question 32

To find a solution to one problem - the so called target problem, an analogous solution to another problem - the source problem, is presented.

Answer 32

Analogical Problem Solving

Question 33

Problem Solving Methods

Answer 33

- Backwards Chaining - Forwards Chaining

Question 34

• It is working back from the end state until reaching the origin state. This is common for novice problem-solvers in the domain (also used by experts)

Answer 34

Backwards Chaining

Question 35

• Experts are much more likely to start from the origin point and move forward whenever the problem strikes them as readily solvable.

Answer 35

Forwards Chaining