GI 09 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Constipation ki ?
Hard to empty their bowels, or have infrequent bowel movements.
Goal of Treatment of Constipation ?
3 goals
- Identify and treat secondary causes.
- Relieve symptoms
- Restore normal bowel function.
Non pharmacological Treatment of constipation
- Increase dietary fiber
- Drink at least 2 L of fluid.
- Exercise 10-15 minuates each day.
- Respond to urge of bowel movement.
Pharmacological treatment for constipation?
Laxatives
- Bulk-forming laxatives
- Stool softeners
- Stimulant laxatives
- Osmotic laxatives.
Constipation 1.Bulk forming laxatives
Ex: Metamucil
- Create mass and then promotes stool by peristalsis/wave of the intestinal wall.
- The effect can see 12-24 hours or 72 hours
- Side effect: Flatulence, abdominal distension
- Safe in pregnancy and good for them.
Poloxamer ki ?
Non-ionic surfactant with similar properties like docusate.
Pharmacological treatment of Constipation 2. Stool softener ?
Ex: Coloxyl oral drops
-Good for Mild constipation (similar like docusate) Specially prevention of haemorrhoids.
-Work as softener and stimulant.
Pharmacological treatment of Constipation 3. Stimulant laxative.
Ex:Coloxyl (Bisacodyl)
- Increase Gut motility and irritate colon lining to create contraction.
- Quick 6-12hurs
- Abuse can lead to weight loss
- So monitoring required
- Identify and refuse to sell or recommended to go to dr.
Pharmacological treatment of Constipation 4.Osmotic laxative
Ex:Laevolac
Retaining fluid in the bowel
Side effects: Flatulence and abdominal pain
Can work quick for some ppl but not for all
Diarrhoea ?
Increase frequency of loosen stool with cramp and pain.
Common causes of diarrhoea ?
- Viruses and bacteria (most common cause)
- Medications
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Medical conditions (coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease)
- Diet or food intolerances (e.g. lactose intolerance)
Red flags for Diarrhoea
Elderly, children and infents. as they can go to dehydration faster.
Treatment GOAL of Diarrhoe
- Relieve symptoms.
- Hydration and
- Treat underlying cause. Cause some times it can be sudden (food poisoning) and sometime it can be from long time.
Treatment of Diarrhoea? Non pharamcological
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
Avoid food which irretate the GUT. i.e spicy
Increase bulk forming food like bran and bananas.
Treatment of Diarrhoea? Non pharamcological
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT).
Avoid food which irretate the GUT. i.e spicy
Increase bulk forming food like bran and bananas.
Treatment of Diarrhoea? Pharmacological
• Anti-motility agents e.g. Loperamide. ( Increasing
intestinal transit time and absorption of water and
electrolytes. Loperamide also reduces urgency by
increasing anal sphincter tone).
• Adsorbents and bulk-forming agents e.g. psyllium. (Reduce diarrhoea
by reducing the fluid in stool and make
stool more solid).
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) ?
-Highly effective NP treatment for diarrhoea.
Ex: Enerlyte, Pedialyte, Hydralyte
-(NB)Sports drinks or other soda water has no sodium but sugar.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum.
- Hemorrhoids/“piles”.
- 50% of adults suffer at some point.
- Vascular-rich connective tissue cushions become engorged( swell with blood) and swollen.
- Two types: Internal or External.
Causes and symptoms of of Haemorrhoids?
-Degeneration of connective tissue because of aging.
-Anal canal pressure from heavy lifting,
-Obesity, chronic diarrhea, Childbirth, standing for long
time.
-From constipation
Symptoms are: bleeding from rectal area.specially after a bowel motion.
And Pain
Red flags for Haemorrhoids
- 3 weeks or longer.
- Sharp or stabbing pain
- Going large volume of blood
- Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
- Over 50 old and complaining of change in bowel habit.
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for Haemorrhoids
Non-Pharmacological
- Increase fibre in diet
- Avoid becoming constipated
- Pharmacological
- anaesthetics
- astringents: Zink make a protective code on haemorrhoids.
- anti-inflammatories
IBS Irritable bowel syndrome?
Functional disorder. So our Intestine may not contrac on time and relax on time as a result may causing a collection of symptoms
cramping, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. On the other hand IBD is chronic & lead to more severe complications like weight loss fetigue cancer etc.
IBS Non pharmacological treatment
- Diet and lifestyle changes.
- Smaller and more frequent meal.
- Avoid alcohol, Caffine & Preserved food.
- Manage stress
- Hydration and Excercise.
Pharmacological treatment options for IBS
Hyoscine Gastrosoothe for bloating and cramping.
Laxatives if constipation
Antidiarrhoeal-Loperamide.for slow down bowel movement.
