GI 10 Flashcards
(41 cards)
The Main role of the gut is?
absorb nutrients thats why it has a large surface area.
To get nurtients from the gut what we need ?
Large surface area and a thin barrier
What is GALT (Gut associated lymphoid tissue)?
A barrier align with the GI system. This is the barrier in GI called GALT: (Gut Associated Lymphoid tissue). Works as a barrier to protect from all the toxic microbes and absorb nutrients.
To protect out gut from bacteria we need ?
- Intact GALT barrier
- Competent immune system
What does M cells does in gastric epithelium in GI ?
M cells does not have villi. Their role is to inform the presence of pathogen and signal to produce antibody immune response against bacteria.
M cell also known as ?
FAE Follicle associated epithelium
Main role of M cell is to sample antigen of bacteria and produce immune response (antibody) with peyer’s patch.
How T cell response die if GI barrier is not broken ?
When antibody or immune response produced but the GI barrier is intact then the immune response(or T cell response) will disappear by apoptosis.
What will happen if lots of T cell overproduce in the presence of pathogens or broken wall of GI ?
When (T cell or immune response) will overproduce to protect GI barrier by killing pathogens, at the same time T Cell overproduce as a result it will also damage our own cells by producing lots of inflammation. More pathogen more T antigen cells more inflammation.
Why inflammation occur in GI because of ?
Leaky barrier
Genetics
And environment factors.
What is Coeliac disease?
Inflammatory disease. Triggered by gluten, genetic or environment.
The reason of Coeliac disease?
because of damaged to villi as a result nutrients can not absorb. As a result malabsorption. As a result diarrhoea and vomiting weight loss depression, joint pain etc.
Epidemiology of Coeliac disease?
Coeliac in diet.
Genetic: specially Identical twins
And Environment: exposure to gluten, breast feeding, microbiome etc.
Why gluten is a problem?
Gluten contains Gliadins and glutenin’s which are not well digested. These are long peptides exposed to the “gluten peptides” in our body which cause immune responses. Ex: Wheet, barley, Ryn
In identical twins the genes involved for developing coeliac disease is
About 70 % and MHC class II genes & HLA.
Mechanism of Gluten oriented Coeliac disease?
For some reasons the dietary GLUTEN peptides getting through the barrier than react with TG2 => crosslink and deamidates them=> converted to high risk HLA molecules DQ2 & DQ8=> as a result T cell show immune responses & production of inflammatory molecules more and more T cells result inflammation On the other side=> Activation of B cells produce antibodies.
What test we can do to diagnose coeliac disease in our blood?
Deamidated Gluten peptides and
TG2 antibodies
What are the treatment of Coeliac disease?
Gluten free diet
TG2 inhibition
Reduce large peptides from gluten.
Prevent immune activation
What Diognosis test we can do to identify Coeliac disease
Biopsy
Gluten & TG2 antibody test of blood
What is IBD
Group of disease with inflammatory condition.
CD and UC
Types of IBD is
1 CD
2 UC
What is Crohn’s disease
Also known as Regional enteritis.
Crohn the guy who described the disease at first.
Idiopathic mean ?
We do not know the cause of agent which occur precursor for the disease.
What bacteria cause Crohn’s disease ?
MAP(Mycobacterium Avium subspecies Paratuberculosis)
Risk factors of crohn’s disease ?
Smoking
Genotype
Environment
What is the difference between crohn’s and ulcerative colitis ?
C: Distal ileum and colon & part of the small intestine..
C: Discontinuous, patchy transmural inflammation.
U:mainly incolon.
U: Continuous inflammation from rectum to proximal colon
Transmural inflammation mean ?
All layers of the bowel wall
