GI 14 Flashcards

Question

What is a Virus?

Answer 1

Is not cells they are DNA and RNA or may be few are proteins but they need cellular components help to replicate. It means they are taking over our cells and using to replication.

Answer 2

Human cell

Answer 3

Virus moves to the edges of the cell and normal cell membrane normally sort of form around then and bud off from the cell which is budding.

Answer 4

Is a combination of host and viral protein. And this viral envelope is very important to attach another host healthy cell.

Answer 5

Virus with envelope can kill by breaking the envelope with detergent or other types chemicals that no longer able to attach or survive.

Answer 6

Capsid is a regular arrangements of proteins and the whole idea of having a capsid is it protects the nucleic acid inside of the virus.

Answer 7

Small can be either DNA or RNA single or Double stranded. Linear or circular.

Answer 8

i) Target the virus= DAA(Direct acting antivirals) | ii) Target the host= IAA (Indirect acting antivirals) this way the virus target the host rather than the virus.

Answer 9

i) The first thing we can do its the specific interaction of the virus with the host cell with its viral protein with the specific Receptor of the host cells. ii) We can target by DAA during fusion to release the sub virion and release the genome into the host iii) We can target viral during translation of the protein. iv) During Genome Multiplication Or during assembly packaging and release.

Answer 10

- Virus alter enzyme or receptor so that drug no longer able to bind. - Stop producing enzyme which activate the drug. - Immune system activator- interferons - Passive immunisation- Monoclonal antibodies.

Answer 11

Single stranded RNA virus acid stable and heat resistant.

Answer 12

As this is a single stranded and RNA virus so it directly translate enzyme and produce structural protein. Virus does not need to enter the nucleolus so replicate into the cytoplasm from +stranded RNA to - Stranded RNA to +stranded RNA than virus is formed as new virion and released by lysis.

Answer 13

2-7 week incubation | Acid resistant during initial replication in intestine=> TO liver and replicate into the liver cells => Blood.

Answer 14

It cause harm int the liver and show Symptoms like nausea, dark urine, Jaundice, hepatomegaly.

Answer 15

Self limiting | Need to avoid alcohol

Answer 16

Passive immunisation OR active immunisation. HAV & HBV only funded for risk groups like i) children ii) transplant patients or iii) close contacts of hepatitis A cases.

Answer 17

HAV can not cause acute whereas HBV hepatitis B cause acute and chronic both conditions

Answer 18

Enveloped viruses and Odd genome like partially double stranded partially single stranded not

Answer 19

i) Pre S/S Envelope proteins ii) C-Core proteins iii) P-viral polymerase iv) X-Regulatory proteins

Answer 20

Binding and entry via endocytosis=>Uncoating=>Nuclear entry=>DNA repair=>From RNA to DNA by reverse transcription=>dsDNA=> Envelopment with HBsAg=>Exocytosis or new virus.

Answer 21

Blood blood or sexual contacts | Insects like bed bugs

Answer 22

Traveling during incubation period. Household contact with confirmed cases. Sexual contact with confirmed cases.

Answer 23

In the first phase in week 1, it take to show sympthoms which we called (Immune tolerant phase)elevated HBV DNA but normal ALT(Alanine aminotransferase). In 2nd phase called (Immune active phase) where ALT & HBV DNA levels increase and liver injury. In 3rd phase Called Inactive or Chronic phase-where HBV DNA and ALT comes to normal and liver recovery, In final phase called HBeAg -negative immune re-activation phase-elevated ALT and HBV levels, liver injury but it take over years to get back. However risk of chronicity level decreased with age but Immunocompromised hosts increased chronicity.

Answer 24

- Long term chronic HBV can cause cirrhosis if untreated. | - Cancer

Answer 25

- Serology for antigen and antibody. | - Provides information on phase of infaction.

Answer 26

Suppresses viral replication and stop progression. Liver damage need to be control by the suppression of HBV. Only possible functional or partial cure but not possible total cure. The reason why most of the person stay in long term therapy HBV is not fully cure possible because of? CCC virus.

Answer 27

CCC virus.

Answer 28

Safe sex Not to share niddles within patients Screening required during blood transferase.

Answer 29

- Acute and Chronic hepatic function. - Huge sequence diversity(high replication rate) - Envelope +stranded RNA virus. Genus is Hepacivirus

Answer 30

Traveling Sexual contact Body piercing or tattooing Household contact

Answer 31

Type and duration of the treatment.

Answer 32

Type 1 around 46% and | Type 3 is around 30 %

Answer 33

80% of the patient Might not know about the primary symptoms of HCV months or years. 50-75% will get a chronic infection like fatigue and weight loss.

Answer 34

Liver failure which leading to transplant. | Cancer (Hepatic cell carcinoma)

Answer 35

Following are the HCV treatment options but the best option is Miviret-Glecaprevir (NS3/4A protease inhibitor)+ pibrentasvir.(NS5A inhibitor) & it takes 12 weeks

Answer 36

As this HCV is asymptomatic So we need to screen them Serology of Anti-HCV antibodies. If Positive then HCV RNA assay=> Positive=> HCV genotype assay is appropriate.

Answer 37

- Recently moved from high HCV prevalence areas. - Spent time in prison. - History of acute hepatitis - Newly born baby with HCV infected mothers.

Answer 38

Blood product screening No needle sharing Safe sex NO vaccine yet for HCV but still trying.

Answer 39

Highly variable We don’t know how to measure it. Difficult to assey We cant make the antigen yet.

GI 14 Flashcards

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