GI 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
how are the cephalic receptors stimulated
by sight, smell, taste and chewing of food ; emotional state
what is the name of receptors in the stomach and how are they stimulated
gastric receptors -> stimulated by distension, acidity and AAs
what hormones mediate the intestinal receptors
secretin, CCK and GIP
how are the intestinal receptors stimulated
distension, acidity, osmolarity and digestive products
the ______ is the feeding center in the lateral region of the brain
hypothalamus
true or false - animals with a lesion in the hypothalamus can become overweight
false - they lose alot of weight -> anorexia
the ____ center in the _____ region make you feel full when activated
satiety, ventromedial
name the 4 anorexigenic factors that influence food intake, and where they are from
leptin - adipose
insulin - pancrease
peptide YY - intestines
melanocortin - hypothalamus
what is the name of the neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that stimulates hunger
neuropeptide Y
describe ghrelin
it is a orexigenic factor -> released from endocrine cells during fasting -> stimulates release of NPY
where is the thirst center and how is stimulated
it is in the hypothalamus -> stimulated by plasma osmolarity and significantly decreased plasma volume, dry throat/mouth
how do baroreceptors work in the thirst center
baroreceptors in kidney afferent arteries -> activates the renin angiotensin system -> angiotensin 2 has direct effect to increase thirst
true or false - oxytocin is the antidiuretic hormone that helps increase thirst
false -> vasopressin
what type of receptors play a role in thirst after there is an increase in plasma osmolarity
osmoreceptors
list the three main pairs of salivary glands
parotid , submandibular and sublingual
true or false - the parotid gland releases water secretions
true
what are the components of saliva
water, electrolytes, digestive enzymes and glycoproteins
true or false - saliva is rich in sodium and chloride ions
false - it is rich in HCO3 and potassium ions
how does saliva act as a buffer
it contains HCO3 which neutralizes acid
what are the major cells of salivary glands and explain the function
acinar cells - important for protein, electrolyte and water secretion
ductal cells - creates alkaline and hypotonic nature
myoepithelial cells - pushes saliva from acinus into duct
true or false - the sympathetic pathway is the predominant regulatory pathway
false - parasympathetic is
what are some of the sympathetic effects on salivary glands
increases saliva flow
increased secretion from acinar cells
stimulates myoepithelial cells
carbohydrates are digested in the _______ by
_____
small intestine and pancreatic amylase
what is the treatment for dry mouth
frequent sips of water and fluoride
