GI

Question 1

Assessing for GI

Answer 1

a. Empty bladder
b. Keep room warm
c. Assess painful areas last to
avoid patient becoming tense
e. Warm stethoscope

Question 2

i. above the umbilicus and between the costal margins

Answer 2

Epigastric

Question 3

i. around the naval

Answer 3

Umbilical

Question 4

i. above the symphysis pubis

Answer 4

Suprapubic

Question 5

B. Order of the Abdominal Assessment

Answer 5

a. Inspection
b. Auscultation
c. Percussion
d. Palpation

Question 6

Quadrants

Answer 6

RUQ (liver)
RLQ (appendix, colon)
LUQ (stomach, spleen)
LLQ (colon)

Question 7

Abdominal girth (waste circumference)

Answer 7

using tape measure right about belly button

measuring weight

Question 8

Start where when auscultating

Answer 8

RLQ

move clockwise

Question 9

Listening to

Answer 9

air/fluid passing thru (peristalsis)

Soft gurgling noises

Question 10

Listen up to

Answer 10

5-20 sec

5 minutes before determining no bowl sounds

Question 11

high pitched gurgling noises caused by air mixing with fluid during peristalsis (5-35 sounds/min)

Answer 11

normal bowel sounds

Question 12

lack of peristalsis (no sounds x 5 min/quadrant)

1. Concerned about obstruction, illuis

Answer 12

Absent bowel sounds

Question 13

Heard infrequently

Answer 13

hypoactive:
when normal (post-op, fasting)

Question 14

loud, growling sounds (borgorygmi)

Answer 14

Hyperactive

Diarrhea, certain foods, medications (laxative)

Question 15

i. Narrowing of major blood vessels and disruption of flow

Answer 15

Bruits

Question 16

no vascular sounds over aorta or femoral arteries

Answer 16

normal bruits

Question 17

i. Air filled, gas

Answer 17

tympany

Question 18

i. When you pull hand away—they feel the pain

Answer 18

Rebound tenderness (blumbergs sign)

Question 19

NEVER palpate

Answer 19

pulsation (aneurysm)

Question 20

smooth with consistent softness, non-tender, no masses

Answer 20

normal palpation

Question 21

Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination

Answer 21

Age
Fluid intake
Psychological factors
Positions during defecation
Pregnancy
Meds
Diet
Physical activity

Question 22

i. A symptom, not a disease; infrequent stool and/or hard, dry, small stools that are difficult to eliminate

Answer 22

a. Constipation

Question 23

i. An increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces

Answer 23

b. Diarrhea

Question 24

Gas

Answer 24

flatulence

Question 25

i. Results from unrelieved constipation; a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel

Answer 25

Impaction

Question 26

i. Inability to control passage of feces and gas to the anus

Answer 26

Incontinence

Question 27

i. Dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum | 1. Purplish coloration to them, straining of some sort

Answer 27

Hemorrhoids

Question 28

Direct visualization | indirect visualization

Answer 28

colonscopys | Xrays

Question 29

white or clay stool

Answer 29

biliary issue

Question 30

black or tarry stool

Answer 30

melena

Question 31

red, pale with fat translucent mucus, blood mucus what can that show?

Answer 31

infection inflammation cancer

Question 32

abnormal consistency of stool

Answer 32

liquid, hard

Question 33

abnormal stool shape

Answer 33

narrow, pencil shape

Question 34

abnormal constituents

Answer 34

blood, pus, foreign bodies, mucus, worms, excess fat

Question 35

Lab test rules

Answer 35

a. Cannot mix stool with urine sample | b. Small sample, make sure sample is sent on time

Question 36

fecal specimens

Answer 36

i. Special collection containers ii. Aseptic collection technique iii. Culture

Question 37

stool for ova & parasite (O &P)

Answer 37

i. Specimen must be warm | ii. Must send to lab immediately

Question 38

Occult blood (guaiac) sample

Answer 38

i. When you see blood ii. Frank blood-you can see with your eyes, if you cannot see it with your eyes: guaiac iii. Check 3 times

Question 39

Constipation related to

Answer 39

b. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, certain medications

Question 40

Co-morbidites with constipation

Answer 40

i. Abdominal surgery ii. Cardiovascular disease 1. Don’t want them straining iii. Glaucoma 1. Intraocular pressure if they strain

Question 41

red flag with impaction

Answer 41

oozing diarrhea

Question 42

what's secondary to constipation?

Answer 42

impaction

Question 43

diarrhea & what med?

Answer 43

antibiotic use

Question 44

diarrhea

Answer 44

b. Disorders affection digestion, absorption, and secretions of the GI tract; antibiotic use; enteral nutrition (tubes); food allergies or intolerances; surgeries or diagnostic tests of the lower GI tract; foodborne pathogens

Question 45

impaired intestinal mobility (4 things)

Answer 45

i. Opiates ii. General anesthesia iii. Abdominal surgery iv. Immobility

Question 46

Bedpan position

Answer 46

i. Prevent muscle strain and discomfort ii. Elevate head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees iii. Wear gloves when handling bedpans iv. When patients are immobile or it is unsafe to allow them to raise their hips, they remain flat and roll onto the bedpan

Question 47

i. Opiates used with caution

Answer 47

antidiarrheal agents

Question 48

cathartics have

Answer 48

stronger & more rapid effect than laxatives

Question 49

Enema admin

Answer 49

1. Separate buttocks, lubricate tip, aim to umbilicus (3-4 inches deep), squeeze bottle until empty, ask pt to hold it in for a couple of minutes (2-5 minutes) 2. Positioning: Sims position 3. Precautions to avoid discomfort 4. Length of time necessary to retain the solution before defecation

Question 50

types of enemas

Answer 50

tap water (hypo) normal saline (iso) hypertonic Soapsuds