Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 5 > GI Dysfunction of the Child > Flashcards

GI Dysfunction of the Child Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

deficit of lyses AND water

A

isotonic dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deficit of lytes with more water

A

hypotonic dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

deficit of water with more lytes

A

hypertonic dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most important determinant of fluid loss in children

A

weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is usually the earliest sign of dehydration

A

tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a late sign of dehydration

A

LOW BP- when this happens we arent getting blood to our tissues causing tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in the tx of dehydration what should NEVER be done

A

give rapid bolus to hypertonic dehydration because it could lead to cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

this is given to provide AT LEAST minimum fluid requirements

A

enteral (PO) rehydration- for mild to mod dehydration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when child is unable to digest lytes to meet daily physiological needs, replace previous deficit needs with

A

parenteral (IV) rehydration- severe dehydration and child is unable to keep enough fluids and lytes down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

acute diarrhea=

A

less than 14 days and self limiting;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chronic diarrhea=

A

more than 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

protozoa that is ingested and eventually excreted in stool, transmitted person to person, improper prepared food
contaminated water and animals

A

giardiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

s/s of giardiasis=

A

abd cramping, mal odorous floating stool, diarrhea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who is giardiasis confirmed and treated

A

stool sample

metrinozole or tinidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

transmitted- fecal oral mouth or by object, shed through poop and by contaminated hands/food/water

A

rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when a person is infected with rotavirus does this mean immunity

A

NO! reinfection can occur at any age but subsequent infections are usually less severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what should you NOT give to a person with rotavirus

A

antidiarrheal because this is how it gets out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a decrease in bowel movement frequency or trouble defecating for more than 2 weeks

A

constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

congenital anomaly results in mechanical obstruction of part of the intestines from inadequate motility of part of the intestines, this is a result of absence of ganglion cells

A

hirschsprung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are ganglion cells=

A

nerve cells in intestines that help coordinate peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

confirmation of hirschsprung disease is only made by

A

rectal biopsy demonstrating the absence of ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is important NOT to do post op of hirschsprung

A

nothing given per rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are CM of hirschsprung

A 
failure to pass meconium within 48 hrs
abd distention
vomiting
constipation, diarrhea and/or ribbon-like, foul smelling stool
easily palpable stool mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the transfer of gastric contents into the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the gold standard for dx GER
24hr intraesophageal monitoring
26
lining is replaced with tissue that is similar tot the intestinal lining but this puts the pt at risk for esophageal carcinoma
barrett's esophagus
27
what are tx for GER
thicken milk with teaspoon of rice cereal, feed in small frequent intervals if breast feeding have them sit up for 30 minutes-1hr after feeding
28
what are the 3 medication for GER
H2 antagonists Proton Pump Inhibitors Pro kinetic Agents
29
what surgical treatment is done for GER
nissen fundoplication= funds of stomach is placed behind the esophagus, this helps strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter and help prevent regurgitation of fluids and food
30
infant will have an NGT post op of nissen fundoplication, if it comes out what should you do
you as the nurse DO NOT replace NGT because this could disrupt the surgical incision so call the physician
31
inflammation of the vermiform appendix caused from an obstruction of the lumen of the appendix
appendicitis (avg age is 10 yrs)
32
CM of appendicitis
``` abd pain in RIGHT LQ rigid abd decreased or absent BS fever vomiting ```
33
when is there a sudden relief of pain in appendicitis
after the appendix perforates- then they will be in pain again following by tachycardia chills and fever (becoming septic)
34
what should you never give to the pt who has appendicitis
laxatives, enemas or heat!
35
what 2 diseases fall under inflammatory bowel disease
ulcerative colitis and crohns disease
36
inflammation limited to colon and rectum
ulcerative colitis
37
what is the most dangerous form of severe colitis
toxic megacolon
38
what does ulcerative colitis look like inside
red and inflamed
39
involves ANY part of the GI tract from mouth to anus (most often affects terminal ileum) involves all layers of the intestinal wall
crohns disease
40
what does crohns disease look like inside
cobble stoning
41
what is the biggest thing to know for ulcerative colitis
rectal bleeding and weightloss
42
what is the biggest thing to know for crohns disease
more painful
43
a progressive inflammatory process that results in intrahepatic and extra hepatic bile duct fibrosis, resulting in ductal obstruction
biliary atresia= flow of bile from liver to gallbladder is blocked (death within first 2 years of life)
44
CM of biliary atresia
jaundice lasting beyond 2 wks of age putty-white or clay stools (absence of bile) tea colored urine itching and irritability (bile salt on skin) malnutrition
45
what is the red flag of biliary atresia
baby 3-4 wks of age bilirubin levels start to creep up
46
how is biliary atresia dx
US and percutaneous liver bx ERCP *early dx is critical in first 60 days= 80% chance of bile flow 60-90= 50% chance >90= 10% chance
47
what is the tx for biliary atresia
Kasai procedure= bile drainage but sclerosis will occur so MOST children will need a liver transplant
48
defect in cell migration resulting in failure of the maxillary and premaxillary processes to merge between the 4th and 10th weeks of embryonic development
cleft lip and cleft palate
49
what are immediate problems of cleft lip/cleft palate
reaction of the parents | feeding
50
for infants with cleft lip/cleft palate begin ______ ASAP, ________ can conform to shape of mouth
breastfeeding; breasts
51
if breastfeeding is not possible for children of cleft lip/palate what should be done
large soft nipples with soft holes
52
since cleft lip/palate babies get tired easier and at an increase risk for aspirating, what is the ESSR feeding technique
enlarge the nipple stimulate suck reflex swallow rest
53
for cleft lip surgical repair what is the "rule of 10s"
at least 10wks old 10 pounds hemoglobin of 10
54
when is cleft palate sx done and if they are not a candidate for it what could they do
between 6 and 12 months but preferable before their first words and if they can't have it done yet then a prosthetic can be made until sx
55
what is important when caring for a post op cleft lip/palate sx
``` do NOT place anything in mouth resume feeding as tolerated pain control restraints (oral stage) reduction of tension on suture line ```
56
narrowing of the pyloric canal producing outlet obstruction
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
57
what are the CM of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
``` olive like mass in upper abd vomiting after feedings dehydration met. alkalosis growth failure ultrasound ```
58
what dx hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and what is the tx
H&P US to confirm tx is pyloromyotomy= incision through the muscle allows compression of the lumen to be released
59
what is important to know about pre op of a pyloromyotomy
keep pt NPO
60
who should feedings be given post op of pyloromyotomy
clear liquids with glucose and lytes small volumes at frequent intervals progress to formula in increments
61
occurs when one segment of bowel telescopes into another segment
intussesception
62
what is a red flag for intussusception
mucous causing jelly like stool
63
what are CM of intussusception
``` palpable mass in RUQ empty RLQ vomiting lethargy red, currant jelly like stool tender distended abd acute, severe, int abd pain ```

Module 5 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions