GI Error List Flashcards

1
Q

What is GERD

A

Results from decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone

Often associated with hiatal hernia

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2
Q

Sx of GERD

A
Heartburn, Often post-prandial
Retrosternal chest pain
Regurgitation
Odynophagia
Cough, Hoarsness
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3
Q

Dx of GERD

A
Clinical
1st Line is Endoscopy
Gold Standard is 24 hour pH monitoring
Barium swallow
Monometry to measure LES pressure and tone
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4
Q

Tx of GERD

A

Lifestyle modifications is 1st
H2 receptor Antagonists (Ranitidine, Nizatidine, Famotidine)
PPI (Pantoprazole, Omperazole)

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5
Q

What is Diverticulitis

A

Inflamed diverticular secondary to obstruction/infection (Fecaliths) leads to distention

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6
Q

What is Diverticulosis

A

Uninflamed diverticular constipation and obseity

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7
Q

Sx of Diverticulitis

A

Fever, LLQ pain, N/V, Diarrhea, Constipation, Flatulence, and Bloating

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8
Q

Dx of Diverticulitis

A

CT scan
Increased WBC
Positive Guaiac
Don’t do colonoscopy until after acute flare because you may perforate the colon

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9
Q

Tx of Diverticulitis

A

Clear liquid diet, broad spectrum abx (Cipro + Metronidazole)

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10
Q

Tx for Diverticulosis

A

High Fiber Diet, Fiber Supplements

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11
Q

What is Hepatitis B and how is it spread

A

Viral infection of Liver

Spread via blood, sex, drugs

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12
Q
What do the following tell you:
HBsAg
HBsAb
HBcAb (IgG/IgM)
HBeAg
HBeAb
HBV DNA
A

HBsAg: First to appear, if positive for >6months it means chronic
HBsAb: Resolved infection or Vaccine Given
HBcAb: IgM (IMmediate) Acute infection. IgG Chronic infection or distant resolved
HBeAg: Viral replication and increased infectivity
HBeAb: Waning viral replication, decreased infectivity
HBV DNA: Active replication in liver

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13
Q

What is the tx for Hepatitis B

A

Acute: Supportive
Chronic: Alpha-Interferone 2b (Lamivudine, Adefovir)
Vaccines given at birth, 2 months, 6 months

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14
Q

What is Cirrhosis

A

Irreversible liver fibrosis with nodular regeneration
Secondary to chronic liver disease
Nodules cause increased portal pressure

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the US

A

Alcohol

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16
Q

What are other causes of Cirrhosis

A

Chronic Hepatitis, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hemochromatosis

17
Q

Sx of Cirrhosis

A

Fatigue, Weakness, weight loss, muscle cramps
Spider Angioma, Caput Medusa, Muscle Wasting, Hepatosplenomegaly, Palmar Erythema, Asterixis, Esophageal Varices, Ascites, Gynecomastia

18
Q

Dx of Cirrhosis

A

Ultrasound

Biopsy

19
Q

Tx of Cirrhosis

A

Limit sodium
Paracentesis to remove fluid
Lactulose, Neomycin for Encophalopathy
Cholestyramine for pruritis