Hematology Error List Flashcards

1
Q

What defines an Acute Leukemia

A

Acute: Precursors so >20% blasts

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2
Q

What defines a Chronic Leukemia

A

Chronic: Differentiated, so

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3
Q

What defines Myeloid Leukemia

A

Myeloid: Granules (neutrophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages)

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4
Q

What defines a Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

Lymphocytic: B-Cells and T-Cells (lymphocytes)

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5
Q

What are features of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A
Adults, 50 yrs old
Granulocyte Precursor (>20% blasts)
Sx: Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Neutropenia, Gingival Hyperplasia, Bone Pain
Dx: AUER RODS
Tx: Combined Chemo
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6
Q

What are features of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

A

Adults, 50 yrs

Differentiated cells

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7
Q

What are features of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

KIDS
B-Cell or T-Cell Precursors (Lymphocytes)
Fatigue, lethargy, bone pain, Headache, stiff neck, visual changes
Dx: Hypercellular bone marrow
Tx: Oral Chemo (Hydroxurea, Imatinib)
Very response, good prognosis

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8
Q

What are features of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

Most common form in adults
Usually >70yrs
B-Cell Clonal Malignancy
Sx: Asymptomatic, fatigue, increased infections
Dx: SMUDGE CELLS, Well differentiated Lymphocytes
Tx: Observation, if chronic use oral chemo, if acute treat like AML

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9
Q

What is G6PD

A

X-linked recessive train that affects mianly males, AA

Oxidative Stress leads to hemolytic anemia after spleen destroys RBC

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10
Q

What causes oxidative stress in G6PD

A

Infections (DKA, pneumonia)
Fava Beans
Sulfa Drugs (TMP-SMX), Anti-Malarials

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11
Q

Sx of G6PD

A

Episodic, non-immune hemolytic anemia

Back or abdominal pain, fatigue, jaundice, splenomegaly

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12
Q

Dx of G6PD

A

Peripheral Smear: Hemolytic Anemia, Schistocytes (Bite Cells), Heinz Bodies
Labs: Increased reticulocytes, increased direct bilirubin, decreased Haptoglobin

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13
Q

Tx of G6PD

A

Avoid offending food/drug, self-limited

Severe Anemia needs iron and folic acid supplement, blood transfusion

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14
Q

What is Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Autosomal Recessive disorder of HgbSS

RBC sickling causes thrombosis that can lead to organ damage and hemolytic anemia (spleen destroys defective RBC)

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15
Q

Sx of Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Dactylitis at 6 months of age
Infections: Osteomyelitis, increased risk of infections
Hemolytic Anemia: Jaundice, Gallstones, Penumococcal Meningitis
Infarction Signs: Avascular necrosis of bones, splenic sequestration crisis (splenomegaly), skin ulcers
Painful Occlusive Crisis: triggered by cold, hypoxia, infection, dehydration

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16
Q

Dx of Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Sickle Cell Disease see no HgbA, High HgBF, and HgbS
Peripheral Smear: Target Cells, Sickled Erythroctyes, Howell-Jolly Bodies

17
Q

Tx of Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Pain contorl (IV hydration, Oxygen)
Hydroxurea
Folic Acid
Transfusion