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Pediatrics > GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

GI/Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Findings in essential FA deficiency

A

scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocyopenia

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2
Q

Bitot’s spots

A

Keratin accumulation on the sclear in Vit A deficiency

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3
Q

Findings in Vitamin E deficiency

A

Hemolytic anemia, retinal degeneration, progressive neurological deterioration

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4
Q

Selenium deficiency

A

Dilated cardiomyopahty

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5
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils, macrocytic anemia

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6
Q

Scurvy

A

Hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, hysteria

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7
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Diminished taste acuity, hypogonadism, short stature

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8
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Anemia, neutropenia, FTT, skeletal abnormalities

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9
Q

Thiamine deficiency

A

B1

Beriberi - high output cardiomyopathy, polyneuritis, laryngeal paralysis

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10
Q

Riboflavin deficiency

A

B2

Angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis around the nose and scrotum

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11
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

B3

Pellegra - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, weakness

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12
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency

A

B6
Stomatatis, glossitis, irritability, confusion
Children - seizures
Adolescents - periphearl neuropathy

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13
Q

B12 defeciency

A

Macrocytic anemia, atrophic glossitis, neuropathy

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14
Q

Breastfed infants of vegan mothers are at risk for what vitamin deficiency?

A

B12

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15
Q

Diagnosis of lactose intolerance

A

lactose breath test

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16
Q

Acquired causes of lactose intolerance

A

Rotavirus, celiac, IBD, PI

More common in children < 5 yo

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17
Q

Sentinel loop on AXR

A

pancreatitis

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18
Q

Types of gallstones

A

Black - younger children, hemolytic disease

Cholesterol - adolescents

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19
Q

Types of stool softeners/laxatives

A 
Bulking - psyllium, fiber
Softener - ducosate
Osmotic - polyethylene glycol, lactulose
Lubicrants - glycerin
Stimulant - senna, sennosides
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20
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrin secreting tumor of the pacreas

Associated with MEN1

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21
Q

Most common type of choledocal cyst

A

Type 1 (dilation of common bile duct)

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22
Q

Age range for intussusception

A

6-36 months

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23
Q

Crohn’s disease genetics

A

NOD2/CARD15 mutations

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24
Q

Indication for Hep A Ig

A

Acute exposure, common source outbreaks (ie daycare)

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25
Indication for Hep B Ig
Neonates w/ Hep B + mothers, acute exposure, HBsAg negative individual with Hep B + needle stick
26
Causes of chronic hepatitis
Hep B (50% of children, 90% of infants), Hep C (50-80%)
27
Most common infectious cause of acute liver failure
Hep C infection
28
Management of asymptomatic esophageal foreign body
repeat film in 12-24 hours; still esophageal --> endoscopy
29
Management of asymptomatic gastric foreign body
repeat film in 3-6 weeks
30
Management of ingestion of sharp objects
Endoscopy unless single straight pin | Jackson's axiom - advancing points perforate
31
Complications of caustic injurgy
Strictures (80% develop w/in 8 weeks), increased risk of esophageal carcinoma
32
Examples of acid ingestions
drain cleaner, toilet bowl cleaner, tile cleaner
33
Exampels of alkali ingestions
Lye, oven cleaner, dishwashing detergent
34
Crigler-Najjar defect
UDPGT
35
Crigler-Najjar treatment
phenobarbital (works in type 2)
36
Crigler-Najjar presentation
sever indirect hyperbilirubinemia
37
Crigler-Najjar genetics
AR
38
Anomalies associated with biliary atresia
CV defects, polysplenia, malrotation, portal vein anomalies
39
Biliary atresia diagnosis
HIDA scan, biopsy
40
Alagille syndrome genetics
AD | JAG-1 or NOTCH-2 mutation
41
Alagille syndrome findings
chronic cholestasis, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, butterfly vertebae, Schwalbe line of eye (increased risk of glaucoma), dysmorphic facies (triangular, deep set eyes)
42
Dubin-Johnson syndrome genetics
AR
43
Dubin-Johnson syndrome defect
exretion of conjugated bilirubin from hepatocyte apical membrane
44
Celiac disease genetic susceptibility
HLA-DQ2, DQ8
45
Celiac skin manifestation
Dermatisis herpetiformis
46
Celiac disease associations
Type 1 DM, T21, hypothyroidism, T-cell lymphoma of GI tract
47
GI disease in CF
pancreatic insufficiency, meconium ilues, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), rectal prolapse, CFRLD, late hemorrhagic disease of newborn
48
Pancreatic enzyme supplementation
5K to 10K U/kg of lipase | > 20 K U/kg associated with fibrosing colonopathy
49
Eosinophilic esophagitis symptoms
dysphagia, food impaction
50
Eosinophilic esophagitis treatment
swallowed fluticasone/budesonide, elemental diet, IL-5 Ab
51
Predisposing conditions for cholelithiasis
SCD, HS, obesity, hyperlipidemia, pregnancy, CF, TPN, ileal disease, meds (LASIK, ctx, ocp's)
52
Acute intermittent porphyria genetics
AD - only 10-15% gene carriers have symptoms
53
Acute intermittent porphyria symptoms
Abdominal pain, neurological (weakness, confusion, sz) and psych (hallucinations)
54
Acute intermittent porphyria defect
Porphobilinogen deaminase
55
Most common viral hepatitis is the US
Hep A
56
Group likely to be a symptomatic from Hep A
Children < 3 yo
57
Diagnosis of Hep B long term carrier state
HBsAg + for > 6 months
58
Hep B vs. Hep A presentation
Hep B - symptoms and fulminant hepatitis more likely
59
Rate of chronic dz in Hep B
50% in children | 90% in infants w/ vertical transmission
60
Hep D requirement
Hep B infection
61
Hep B treatment
Interferon gamma
62
Rate of vertical transmission in Hep C
4-6% | Increased with HIV or high titers
63
Hep C treatment
Interferon gamma and ribavirin
64
Patients with Hep C and best response to treatment
Low HCV RNA, high LFTs, no cirrhosis, no HIV, genotype 2/3
65
Transmission of Hep E
Fecal-oral
66
Highest rate of mortality for Hep E
Pregnant woman (20%)
67
Rate of esophageal pathology in patients with meat impaction
95%
68
Gilbert syndrome genetics
AD - incomplete penetrance
69
Most common cause of neonatal cholestsis
Idiopathic hepatitis (biliary atresia = #2)
70
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency genetics
AR
71
Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
2, 7, 9, 10
72
Most common congenital GI anomaly
Meckel diverticula (1-4%)
73
Chronic nonspecific diarrhea
Toddler's diarrhea - 12-40 months Presence of vegetable matter Secondary to fructose and fluid overload
74
RDA of Ca
1300 mg (same for phosporus)
75
Diagnosis of HCV
Hep C NAAT at 2 months (or serologies at 18 months)
76
Screening for juvenile polyposis syndrome
Yearly colonoscopy
77
Mercury intoxication
painful hands/feet, pink skin rash
78
Vitamin A toxicity
headache, pseudotumor cerebri, hepatomegaly, dry mucus membranes
79
Vitamin C toxicity
renal stones (hyperoxaluria)

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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