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Pediatrics > Pulmonology/Allergy > Flashcards

Pulmonology/Allergy Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Most common peri-operative complication of asthma

A

Bronchospasm or laryngospasm

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2
Q

Risk factors for asthma

A 
Atopy or FHx of atopy
Early viral respiratory infection
Maternal smoking or passive smoke exposure
Prematurity
Maternal age < 20 yo at birth
Male sex (until adolescence)
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3
Q

Faster acting LABA

A

Formoterol

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4
Q

Side effects of montelukast

A

behavioral disturbance

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5
Q

Anti-IgE therapy

A

omalizumab (Zolair)

indicated if > 12 yo w/+ allergy testing

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6
Q

Asthma severity: daily symptoms

A

Moderate

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7
Q

Asthma severity: night awakenings 3-4x/month

A

Mild

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8
Q

Asthma severity: nighttime awakenings > 1x/week (not daily)

A

Moderate

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9
Q

Asthma severity: SABA use daily

A

Moderate

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10
Q

Asthma severity: SABA uses > 2d/week (not daily)

A

Mild

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11
Q

Asthma severity: FEV1 = 60-80

A

Moderate

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12
Q

Most common congenital lung lesion

A

CPAM

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13
Q

Vascular supply of CPAM

A

pulmonary circulation

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14
Q

Pulmonary sequestration location

A

lower lobes (L > R)

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15
Q

Vascular supply of pulmonary sequestration

A

systemic circulation

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16
Q

Pulmonary sequestration at risk for recurrent infection

A

Intralobar (ILS)

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17
Q

Congenital lobar emphysema location

A

left upper lobe

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18
Q

Bronchogenic cyst location

A

mediastinum

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19
Q

Most common type of TEF

A

Type C (84%) - esophageal atresia with distal TEF

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20
Q

Complications of TEF

A

stricture, tracheomalacia, GER/aspiration

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21
Q

TEF association

A

VACTERL

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22
Q

Inspiratory crowing

A

Laryngomalacia

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23
Q

Biphasic wheezing

A

Tracheomalacia

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24
Q

Biphasic high-pitched stridor

A

Subglotti stenosis

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25
Dysphonia/aphonia
Vocal cord palsy
26
Complete vascular rings
Double aortic arch (most common) | Right AA with aberrant left subclavian
27
Vascular ring with NO esophageal compression
Innominate artery compression
28
Heiner syndrome
cow's milk hypersensitivity | airway bleeding --> pulmonary hemosiderosis
29
Rate of allergic disease in children
20-30%
30
Early phase allergic mediators
Histamine, prostaglandin D2, proteases, proteoglycans
31
Late phase allergic mediators
Leukotrienes, cytokines
32
Dennie-Morgan lines
Multiple infra orbital orbital folds associated with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
33
Most effective control of dust mites
Plastic mattress wraps, remove carpet
34
Seasonal allergens: March - May
Tree pollen
35
Seasonal allergens: May - June
Grass pollen
36
Seasonal allergens: August - October
Ragweed
37
Anaphylactoid reactions
Non-IgE mediated mast cell degranulation (contrast dye, opiates)
38
Most common medication to trigger allergy
Penicillin
39
Most common allergic foods
Peanut, milk, egg, soy, fish, wheat, shellfish, nuts
40
Hereditary angioedema genetics
AD
41
Diagnosis of hereditary angioedema
C4 level
42
Etiology of hereditary angioedema
Absence of C1 inhibitor
43
Risk of asthma in child of affected parent
25% (50% if both parents)
44
Asthma severity: symptoms < 2d/week
Intermittent
45
Asthma severity: nighttime awakenings < 2x/month
Intermittent
46
Flow volume loop axis
``` Y = flow X = volume ```
47
Obstructive Lund disease: PFTs
Concave, decreased FEV1 > FEV1/FVC > FVC
48
Restrictive lung disease: PFTs
Decreased volume, decreased FEV1, FVC, increased or normal FEV1/FVC
49
Vocal cord dysfunction symptoms
Dramatic onset at onset of exertion, "throat closing", "unable to get breath in"
50
Vocal cord dysfunction finding
Vocal cords in adduction with posterior glottic chink
51
Recommendation of children > 16 yo and anaphylactic reaction to insect sting
Skin testing +/-immunotherapy (95% effective!)
52
First line therapy for allergic rhinitis
Intranasal corticosteroids
53
Radio contrast media anaphylaxis recommendations
Pretreat with antihistamine and corticosteroids
54
Type I hypersensitivity reaction
IgE mediated
55
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Antibody mediated cytolysis (ie hemolytic anemia)
56
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Immune complex (ie serum sickness)
57
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
T cell mediated (contact dermatitis, PPD)
58
Dust mite reduction
humidity < 50%
59
Rhinitis medicamentosa
associated with OTC nasal decongestant use > 3-4 days, beefy red nasal turbinates, treatment = intranasal corticosteroids
60
Hyperattenuated mucin
allergic fungal sinusitis

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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