GI Parasites and Worms (Quiz 2)

Question 1

what is a hallmark of intestinal helminth infections

Answer 1

• eosinophilia

Question 2

what is the motile, feeding, reproducing form of protozoa

Answer 2

• trophozoites

Question 3

what are the thicked walled forms of protozoa that survives in the environment and are important in transmission

Answer 3

• cysts

Question 4

what are the flagellated forms of protozoa called

Answer 4

• mastigotes

Question 5

what is the hygiene hypothesis

Answer 5

• lack of exposure to infectious agents and parasites as a child may increase susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing development of the immune system

Question 6

transmission of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 6

• fecal oral

Question 7

host of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 7

• humans only

Question 8

entamoeba histolytica - intestinal trophozoites cause ______-

Answer 8

• amebic dysentery

Question 9

entamoeba histolytica can spread to

Answer 9

• liver, lung, brain

Question 10

entamoeba histolytica - which form is infectious

which form is pathogenic

which are shed in the feces of infected individuals

Answer 10

• cysts
• trophs
• both

Question 11

entamoeba histolytica on histopathology

Answer 11

• flask-shaped ulcers

Question 12

giardia lamblia transmission

Answer 12

• fecal oral through food/water

Question 13

giardia lamblia reservoirs

Answer 13

• animals

Question 14

giardia lamblia where are the trophozoites located

do they invade

Answer 14

• duodenum

- don’t invade

Question 15

giardia lamblia infection will cause these symptoms

Answer 15

• malabsoprtion

- steatorrhea

Question 16

giardia lamblia - which is the infectious portion

which is the pathogenic portion

which are shed by symptomatic people

which are shed by asymptomatic people

Answer 16

• cysts
• trophs
• both
• cysts only

Question 17

cryptosporidium transmission

Answer 17

• fecal/oral by contaminated food/water

Question 18

cryptosporidium source

Answer 18

• humans

- rarely animals

Question 19

cryptosporidium - trophozoites go where

do they invade?

Answer 19

• jejunum

- don’t invade

Question 20

cryptosporidium infection symptoms

Answer 20

• secretory diarrhea

Question 21

cryptosporidium - which portion is infectious

which portion is pathogenic

Answer 21

• oocysts

- trophs and sexual stages

Question 22

cryptosporidium cysts are resistant to

Answer 22

• chlorine

Question 23

cryptosporidium problematic infection for what population

Answer 23

• immunocompromised

Question 24

cryptosporidium - detection of ______ in fecal smears is diagnostic

Answer 24

• acid-fast oocysts

Question 25

cestodes (tapeworms) found in you find Taenia solium in you find Taenia saginata in

Answer 25

- raw or undercooked meat - pork - beef

Question 26

cestodes (tapeworms) adult worms go where in body

Answer 26

- small intestine

Question 27

cestodes (tapeworms) ______ shed in feces

Answer 27

- eggs or gravid proglottids

Question 28

cestodes (tapeworms) what do we ingest

Answer 28

- cysts in muscle of meat

Question 29

what happens when T. solium eggs are ingested via fecal-oral transmission? what does this cause? is this a problem with T. saginata

Answer 29

- larvae form cysticerci in brain, eyes, and skin - neurocysticercosis - no

Question 30

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis _______ stage in humans ________ stages in snails

Answer 30

- sexual stages in humans | - asexual stages in snails

Question 31

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis - transmission via by which form

Answer 31

- skin penetration | - by form released by snails into fresh water`

Question 32

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis ___________ and ________ adult worms go to the mesenteric veins in the GI tract, eggs are shed in stool

Answer 32

- S. mansoni and S. japonicum

Question 33

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis _____________ adult worms go to the bladder, eggs are shed in urine can lead to increase _________ and risk of ________

Answer 33

- S. haematobium - increased bladder cancer - increased risk of HIV transmission

Question 34

Enterobius vermicularis is a

Answer 34

- pinworm

Question 35

Ascaris lumbercoides is a

Answer 35

- large intestinal roundworm

Question 36

Enterobius vermicularis ________ are ingested and adult pinworms __________ in GI tract

Answer 36

- eggs are ingested from feces coated soil | - adult pinworms remain in GI tract

Question 37

Ascaris lumbercoides larve travel to ________ and are ______ and ________ adults live ____________

Answer 37

- Ascaris lumbercoides larvae travel to lungs, and are coughed up and swallowed - adults live in the small intestine

Question 38

Ascaris lumbercoides and Enterobium eggs

Answer 38

- smooth Enterobium eggs | - bumpy Ascaris eggs

Question 39

Necator amerianus (hookworm) gets into body how ends up where

Answer 39

- penetrates skin through bare feet | - ends up in small intestine

Question 40

Necator amerianus (hookworm) adults attach where causes

Answer 40

- attach to intestinal mucosa | - causes bleeding and anemia

Question 41

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae get into body how end up where what's a characteristic symptom

Answer 41

- penetrate skin - end up in small intestine - migrating rash

Question 42

how can Strongyloides stercoralis reinfect the host

Answer 42

- reinfect without leaving the host - auto infection

Question 43

what are some antiprotozoal drugs

Answer 43

- Nitroimidazoles - folate synthesis inhibitors - aminoglycosides - Amobocidal

Question 44

nitroamidazoles used to treat

Answer 44

- giardia - entamoeba - cryptosporidia

Question 45

folate synthesis inhibitors (TMP-SMX) used to treat

Answer 45

- cyclospora | - isospora

Question 46

ahminoglycosides (paromomycin) used to treat

Answer 46

- Entamoeba histolytica

Question 47

Ameobocial (Iodoquinol) active against

Answer 47

- Entamoeba cysts and trophozoites

Question 48

Praziquantel MOA used to treat

Answer 48

- damages tegument to cause worm paralysis - cestodes - trematodes

Question 49

Benzimidazoles MOA used to treat

Answer 49

- inhibit microtubule synthesis - cause glucose depletion - cestodes - nematodes

Question 50

Ivermectin MOA used to treat

Answer 50

- damages invertebrate nerve and muscle cells - causes worm paralysis - treats nematodes

Question 51

what are cestodes

Answer 51

- tapeworms

Question 52

what are trematodes

Answer 52

- flukes