Pancreaticobiliary Diseases (Quiz 3)

Question 1

the gallbladder is _____ during the fasting state

Answer 1

• relaxed

Question 2

the gallbladder is ______ during the postprandial state

Answer 2

• contracted

Question 3

what does chole mean

Answer 3

• bile or gall

Question 4

what does cholecysto mean

Answer 4

• bile sac

Question 5

what does choledocho mean

Answer 5

• bile duct

Question 6

what does cholangio mean

Answer 6

• bile duct

Question 7

what does cholestasis mean

Answer 7

• stasis of bile in gallbladder

Question 8

what does biliary colic mean

Answer 8

• spasm of biliary tree causing pain

Question 9

what does cholelithiasis mean

Answer 9

• gallstones

Question 10

what does choledocholithiasis mean

Answer 10

• gallstones in bile duct

Question 11

what does cholecystitis mean

Answer 11

• inflammation of gall bladder

Question 12

what does cholangitis mean

Answer 12

• inflammation of bile ducts

Question 13

what is the most common type of gallstone

Answer 13

• cholesterol

Question 14

where are cholesterol gallstones located

Answer 14

• gallbladder

Question 15

where are black gallstones located

Answer 15

• gallbladder

Question 16

what is the calcium and bilirubin content of black gallstones

Answer 16

• high

Question 17

where are brown gallstones located

Answer 17

• bile ducts

Question 18

what is the pathogenesis of brown gallstones

Answer 18

• infectious

Question 19

which sex is most predisposed to gallstones

Answer 19

• females

Question 20

what presents with RUQ pain, fever, normal LFTs, but increased WBC count

Answer 20

• cholecystitis

Question 21

what presents with acholic stool and dark urine

Answer 21

• choledocholithiasis w/ obstruction

Question 22

what is Charcot’s triad

what is it associated with

Answer 22

• fever
• RUQ pain
• jaundice
• ascending cholangitis

Question 23

what is the function of the exocrine pancreas

functional unit

Answer 23

• secretes digestive enzymes and proenzymes into a system of ducts
• acinus

Question 24

what is an acute inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is commonly associated with fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and elevated pancreatic enzymes in the blood

Answer 24

• acute pancreatitis

Question 25

what is the final common pathway of acute pancreatitis leads to

Answer 25

- premature activation of digestive enzymes | - autodigestive necrosis of pancreatic tissues

Question 26

how does gallstone pancreatitis occur

Answer 26

- gallstone passes into common bile duct and lodges in ampulla - trypsinogen activates to trypsin within the pancreas and causes tissue destruction

Question 27

how do we diagnose interstitial edematous acute pancreatitis

Answer 27

- elevated amylase and/or lipase - check LFTs - ultrasound

Question 28

between amylase and lipase, which is more sensitive? which is more specific

Answer 28

- amylase is sensitive | - lipase is specific

Question 29

cholestatic pattern of elevated LFTs shows what

Answer 29

- elevated bilirubin and/or alkaline phosphatase

Question 30

what is severe pancreatitis with extensive peripancreatic and pancreatic tissue destruction due to

Answer 30

- necrotizing acute pancreatitis | - systemic inflammatory response

Question 31

two signs pathognomonic for necrotizing acute pancreatitis

Answer 31

- Cullen sign | - grey-turner sign

Question 32

complications of necrotizing acute pancreaitis

Answer 32

- pseudocyst - duct rupture - fistula

Question 33

what are collections of fluid surrounded by inflamed fibrous tissue

Answer 33

- pseudocyst

Question 34

what is a progressive fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas associated with a loss of pancreatic parenchyma and function

Answer 34

- chronic pancreatitis

Question 35

diagnostic tests for chronic pancreatitis

Answer 35

- low fecal elastase levels | - pancreatic calcification

Question 36

what's a big difference grossly between acute and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 36

- acute - enlarged pancreas | - chronic - shrunken pancreas

Question 37

complications of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 37

- pseudocyst - splenic vein thrombosis - cancer

Question 38

strong association for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Answer 38

- tobacco

Question 39

why is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma so hard to resect

Answer 39

- lot of structures close to the pancreas | - metastasis

Question 40

what is common in the adjacent tissue of ductal adenoarcinoma

Answer 40

- chronic pancreatitis

Question 41

jaundice is common with tumors of which part of the pancreas

Answer 41

- head