Obstruction Module

Question 1

symptoms of GI obstruction in the esophagus

Answer 1

• dysphagia

Question 2

symptoms of GI obstruction in the stomach

where does obstruction generally occur

Answer 2

• nausea/vomiting

- pylorus

Question 3

symptoms fo GI obstruction in the intestines

Answer 3

• vomiting
• bloating
• constipation

Question 4

instrinsic causes of bowel obstruction

Answer 4

• neoplasm
• ulcers
• stenoses
• foreign bodies

Question 5

extrinsic causes of bowel obstruction

Answer 5

• adhesions
• pancreatitis
• extrinsic neoplasms
• endometriosis

Question 6

additional etiologies of bowel obstruction

Answer 6

• hernias
• intussusception
• volvulus

Question 7

what is invagination of one part of the bowel into another part of the bowel

Answer 7

• intussusception

Question 8

causes of intussusception in children

Answer 8

• viral infections

- rotavirus vaccinations

Question 9

what to do with intussusception in adults

Answer 9

• look for the lead point

- rule out tumors

Question 10

what do you see on CT or ultrasound with intussusception

Answer 10

• target sign

Question 11

what is the twisting of a segment of gut around itself

Answer 11

• volvulus

Question 12

most common locations for a volvulus in the GI tract

Answer 12

• sigmoid

- cecum

Question 13

what can cause a volvulus

Answer 13

• long standing constipation

Question 14

the central axis of the twist of a volvulus points towards what

Answer 14

• the origin of intussusception

Question 15

what is pelvic floor dyssynergia

Answer 15

• the external anal sphincter contracts instead of relaxes when trying to defecate

Question 16

pathophysiology of scleroderma

Answer 16

• diffuse fibrosis
• inflammation
• vasculopathy

Question 17

GI effects of scleroderma

Answer 17

• collagen replaces muscles
• decreased LES resting pressure
• decreased paristalsis