GI Session1 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Role of mouth and oesophagus
Mastication
Salivation to protect mouth, lubricate food, starts digestion of sugars
Swallowing via formation of a bolus and rapid oesophageal transport
Role of Stomach
Storage (relaxes to accommodate food)
Initial disruption via contracting rhythmically and secretion of acid and proteolitic enzymes to break down and disinfect
Slowly delivers chyme into duodenum
Role od duodenum
Dilution and neutralisation of chyme
Water drawn in from ECF
Alkali added from liver and pancreas
Enzymes added
Role of small intestine
Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water
Large intestine
Final absorption of water, very slow transit, formation of faeces
What makes up the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What nervous system directly controls the GI?
Enteric nervous system (a subdivision of the autonomic)
What groups of hormones produced in the gut, affect the gut?
Gastrin and secretin
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Acid Reflux
Causes heartburn, sphincter between stomach and oesophagus is faulty
Barrett’s oesophagus
Metaplasia of lower oesophageal squamous cells to gastric columnar to protect from chronic acid reflux
Oesophageal varcies
Due to liver disease, causes dilation of submucosal veins in lower oesophagus, can burst and cause bleeding into the oesophagus
Peptic ulceration
Damage to inner mucosa of stomach or duodenum, usually due to irritation from gastric acid
Haemorrhoids
Vascular structures in the anal canal that aid with stool control
Can become swollen, inflamed, painful, itchy.
Prolapse
Organs fall out of place
Diverticula
Pressure to high in colon, causing a hollow out pouching
Meckel’s Diverticulum
Pouch in lower part of small intestine, can produce gastric mucosa that produces gastric acid causing irritation
