GI Session1 Flashcards

(17 cards)

1
Q

Role of mouth and oesophagus

A

Mastication
Salivation to protect mouth, lubricate food, starts digestion of sugars
Swallowing via formation of a bolus and rapid oesophageal transport

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2
Q

Role of Stomach

A

Storage (relaxes to accommodate food)
Initial disruption via contracting rhythmically and secretion of acid and proteolitic enzymes to break down and disinfect
Slowly delivers chyme into duodenum

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3
Q

Role od duodenum

A

Dilution and neutralisation of chyme
Water drawn in from ECF
Alkali added from liver and pancreas
Enzymes added

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4
Q

Role of small intestine

A

Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water

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5
Q

Large intestine

A

Final absorption of water, very slow transit, formation of faeces

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6
Q

What makes up the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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7
Q

What nervous system directly controls the GI?

A

Enteric nervous system (a subdivision of the autonomic)

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8
Q

What groups of hormones produced in the gut, affect the gut?

A

Gastrin and secretin

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9
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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10
Q

Acid Reflux

A

Causes heartburn, sphincter between stomach and oesophagus is faulty

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11
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus

A

Metaplasia of lower oesophageal squamous cells to gastric columnar to protect from chronic acid reflux

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12
Q

Oesophageal varcies

A

Due to liver disease, causes dilation of submucosal veins in lower oesophagus, can burst and cause bleeding into the oesophagus

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13
Q

Peptic ulceration

A

Damage to inner mucosa of stomach or duodenum, usually due to irritation from gastric acid

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14
Q

Haemorrhoids

A

Vascular structures in the anal canal that aid with stool control
Can become swollen, inflamed, painful, itchy.

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15
Q

Prolapse

A

Organs fall out of place

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16
Q

Diverticula

A

Pressure to high in colon, causing a hollow out pouching

17
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

Pouch in lower part of small intestine, can produce gastric mucosa that produces gastric acid causing irritation