Flashcards in GI Session1 Deck (17):
1
Role of mouth and oesophagus
Mastication
Salivation to protect mouth, lubricate food, starts digestion of sugars
Swallowing via formation of a bolus and rapid oesophageal transport
2
Role of Stomach
Storage (relaxes to accommodate food)
Initial disruption via contracting rhythmically and secretion of acid and proteolitic enzymes to break down and disinfect
Slowly delivers chyme into duodenum
3
Role od duodenum
Dilution and neutralisation of chyme
Water drawn in from ECF
Alkali added from liver and pancreas
Enzymes added
4
Role of small intestine
Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water
5
Large intestine
Final absorption of water, very slow transit, formation of faeces
6
What makes up the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
7
What nervous system directly controls the GI?
Enteric nervous system (a subdivision of the autonomic)
8
What groups of hormones produced in the gut, affect the gut?
Gastrin and secretin
9
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
10
Acid Reflux
Causes heartburn, sphincter between stomach and oesophagus is faulty
11
Barrett's oesophagus
Metaplasia of lower oesophageal squamous cells to gastric columnar to protect from chronic acid reflux
12
Oesophageal varcies
Due to liver disease, causes dilation of submucosal veins in lower oesophagus, can burst and cause bleeding into the oesophagus
13
Peptic ulceration
Damage to inner mucosa of stomach or duodenum, usually due to irritation from gastric acid
14
Haemorrhoids
Vascular structures in the anal canal that aid with stool control
Can become swollen, inflamed, painful, itchy.
15
Prolapse
Organs fall out of place
16
Diverticula
Pressure to high in colon, causing a hollow out pouching
17