Resp Session1 Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

If temp constant, pressure is inversely proportional to vol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Charles’ Law

A

Pressure is proportional to absolute temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

universal Gas law

A

pressure x vol = Gas constant x temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define partial pressure and calculation

A

Gases behave independently, pp is portion of total pressure

same as fraction of volume in gas mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vapour pressure

A

water molecules that evaporate exert their own partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Saturated Vapour pressure and relevance in lungs

A

when gas entering and leaving water is equal

when gases enter the body they are completely saturated with water vapour so don’t dry out the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Tension in water

A

How readily a gas will leave the liquid

At ebb tension=partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Content of gas in water

A

Solubility (how easily a gas dissolves) x Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tidal Vol

A

amount of air displaced between inspiration and expiration when no extra effort is exerted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Optimum ventilation/perfusion ratio and how it is achieved

A

0.8
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (hypoxia of alveoli causes vasoconstriction therefore greater flow to well ventilated alveoli)
chronic leads to RV failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define lower respiratory tract and what it consists of

A

The parts lying inside of the thorax
Trachea, Bronchi, Lobar Bronchi (3 on left, 2 on right, have cartilage), Segmental Bronchi, Sub segmental bronchi, bronchioles (no cartilage, more SMC), terminal bronchioles,
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define upper respiratory tract and what it consists of

A

Parts outside of the thorax

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do bronchi have cartilaginous rings?

A

Hold them open to provide path for air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do bronchioles have more SMC

A

Increase volume to draw air in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Conchae (or terbinates) and what are they for?

A

Folds in the nasal cavity offering vast heat exchange to warm air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 5 sinuses

A

Paranasal, Frontal, Ethmoidal, Sphenoidal, Maxillary

17
Q

Three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

18
Q

Describe nasopharynx

A

Posterior nasal cavity to soft palate
Respiratory function
Lymphoid tissues aggregate to form tonsils

19
Q

Describe Oropharynx

A
Extends from soft palate to superior border of epiglottis,
digestive function (involved in swallowing)
20
Q

Describe Laryngopharynx

A

Posterior to larynx, superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of circoid cartilage, then continuous with oesophagus

21
Q

Describe the position of the larynx

A

Anterior to laryngopharynx, extends from laryngeal input down to level of inferior border of circoid cartilage and becomes continuous with the trachea

22
Q

Larynx’s function

A

Guard trachea during swallowing

Voice box contained there, nine cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments (vocal chords)

23
Q

How is the cavity in the middle air connected to respiratory pathways?

A

Via the eustachian tube to the nasopharynx

24
Q

what is the olfactory region of the nose?

A

Organ of smell

25
Histology of non olfactory nasal regions
Ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium, | mucous glands and venous plexuses that swell to alternate air flow through nostrils to prevent drying
26
Histology of olfactory nasal regions
V Thick pseudo stratified epithelium, no goblet cells, serous glands flush odorants from epithelial surface
27
Histology of Larynx
Ventricular folds: pseudostratified, | Vocal chords: stratified squamous, stop foreign objects reaching lungs
28
Histology of Trachea
Pseudostratified ciliated, Lamina propia Seromucus glands C shaped cartilaginous rings
29
Histology of primary bronchi
Similar to trachea but cartilaginous rings encircle lumen
30
Histology of lobar and segmental bronchi
Similar to primary bronchi but crescent shaped cartilage
31
Histology of Bronchus
Small islands of cartilage, glands in submucosa
32
Histology of Bronchiole
Na cartilage or glands, surrounding alveoli keep the lumen open, goblet cells give way to clara cells, secrete surfactant lipoprotein and PCC16, indicator to bronchoalveolar damage No goblet cells in terminal bronchioles
33
Raised and lowered CC16
``` lowered = lung damage raised= leakage across barrier ```
34
Histology of alveoli
``` Type 1 pneumocytes (squamous) permitting gas exchange T2 pneumocytes (cuboidal) produce surfactant Surrounded by network of elastin and reticular fibres and macrophages scattered ```
35
What is the glottis?
2 vocal chords and the opening