GI system

Question 1

Bacteria in the large intestine create and absorb which of the following vitamins?

Answer 1

B and K

Question 2

Which portion of the esophagus has a muscularis layer composed only of skeletal muscle?

Answer 2

upper/ proximal third

Question 3

The smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and the rectum are under the control of the:

Answer 3

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

Which organ of the GI tract has a muscularis layer composed of three layers of muscle instead of the usual two layers?

Answer 4

stomach

Question 5

Which of the following aids absorption by increasing the surface area of the small intestine?

Answer 5

villi

Question 5

The physiologic term for eating is:

Answer 5

ingestion

Question 6

The pyloric sphincter is located at the junction of the:

Answer 6

stomach and duodenum

Question 7

The beginning segment of the large intestine is called the?

Answer 7

cecum

Question 8

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which cells in the stomach?

Answer 8

parietal cells

Question 9

The lobule of the liver is created by

Answer 9

the sinusoids, bile canaliculi, hepatocytes and blood vessels.

Question 10

The movement of amino acids across the mucosa of the small intestine and into the blood is an example of

Answer 10

absorption.

Question 11

Which portion of the small intestine is in the retroperitoneal cavity?

Answer 11

duodenum

Question 12

The liver is supplied with arterial/oxygenated blood by?

Answer 12

hepatic artery

Question 13

The function of the uvula is

Answer 13

to prevent swallowed food from entering the nasopharynx and the nasal cavity.

Question 14

Secretion of bile from the gallbladder is promoted by which of the following hormones?

Answer 14

CCK

Question 15

Control and modulation of the digestive process is a___________function.

Answer 15

parasympathetic NS

Question 16

The movement of food forward by the contraction of the smooth muscle is known as which of the following?

Answer 16

peristalsis

Question 17

Which two structures unite to form the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)?

Answer 17

common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 18

Which of the following cells secretes pepsinogen in the stomach?

Answer 18

chief cells

Question 19

The final steps of chemical digestion occur along the brush border for all organic molecules except:

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

Which of the following organs is considered an accessory structure of the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 20

pancreas

Question 21

The function of the gallbladder is:

Answer 21

store and concentrate bile

Question 22

The pancreas is found:

Answer 22

tucked into the curve of the duodenum and behind the stomach

Question 23

The largest salivary glands are located:

Answer 23

anterior to the ears, around the angle of the mandible

Question 24

Fecal material usually contains which of the following?

Answer 24

bacteria

Question 25

Lacteals in the villi of the small intestine collect which of the following nutrient’s

Answer 25

lipids

Question 26

Pancreatic digestive enzymes are initially secreted as inactive to

Answer 26

prevent auto-digestion of the pancreas.

Question 27

Mixing of chyme (food and enzymes) in the small intestine is enhanced by organized contractions called:

Answer 27

segmentation

Question 28

The chemical breakdown of protein begins:

Question 29

The end product of digestion in the stomach that is propelled into the small intestine is known as:

Answer 29

chyme

Question 30

Chemical digestion of proteins starts in the stomach by which of the following chemicals?

Answer 30

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 31

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Answer 31

production of gastrin

Question 32

Which of the following chemicals emulsifies lipids?

Answer 32

bile

Question 33

Which of the following is a function of saliva?

Answer 33

breakdown dietary carbohydrates and lipids

Question 34

Chem digestion of carbs begins in the mouth via:

Answer 34

salavary amylase

Question 35

Mechanical digestion of segmentation happens in the

Answer 35

Small intestine

Question 36

Carb chem digestion continues in the small intestine VIA:

Answer 36

pancreatic amlase, brush border enzyme.

Question 37

Carbs break down into:

Answer 37

monosaccharide that are absorbed into absorptive cells via facilitated diffusion and secondary active transport.

Question 38

Lipids chemical digestion begins

Answer 38

in the stomach via gastric lipase secreted by chief cells

Question 39

Ligual lipase is secreated in the ______ but does not activate until it reaches the _______ and aids in chemical digestion of______

Answer 39

Mouth Stomach Lipids

Question 40

Chemical digestion of lipids in the small intestine is created via

Answer 40

pancreatic lipase and bile released from the gallbladder and liver to emulsify lipids

Question 41

Lipid absorption:

Answer 41

Small fat cells enter absorptive cells via simple diffusion then leave the same way and enter the blood stream. Large fats enter cell via simple diffusion and are made into tryglycerides which are combined with a transport protein, this leaves the cell via simple diffsion and enters a lacteal.

Question 42

In the large intestine________ digest left over________ and _______

Answer 42

Bacteria carbs protein

Question 43

Large intestines use ______for mechanical digestion

Answer 43

segmentation

Question 44

Most absorption is done in the

Answer 44

Small intestine

Question 45

Protien chem digestion begins in the ________ via _________ secreted by __________

Answer 45

Stomach HCI partietal cells

Question 46

Pepsin is secreted by ______ in the stomach in an in active form ______ ,when it mixes with _______ it gets activated

Answer 46

Chief pepsinogen HCI

Question 47

Protien gets broken down in to amino acids in the small intestine via

Answer 47

pancreatic proteases, brush boarder enzymes

Question 48

Nucleic acids chem digestion in the small intestine via

Answer 48

pancreatic nucleases, and brush boarder enzymes

Question 49

Stomach uses mixing waves

Answer 49

as mechanical digestion

Question 50

nucleic acids break down to

Answer 50

nucleotides