GI system: anti diarrheal - prokinetic drugs

Question 0

What are two types of antidote heals that would modify intestinal motility?

Answer 0

Opioid analgesics

Anticholonergics

Question 1

How would you treat mystery diarrhea?

Answer 1

Symptomatically by changing to a bland diet and medicate with some combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, famotidine, and/or sucralfate

Question 2

What do antidiaerheals that modify intestinal motility do?

Answer 2

Slow the move by of bowel contents by decreasing peristaltic movent or increasing segmental contractions

Question 3

What is diarrhea?

Answer 3

Abnormally frequent discharge of fecal matter of increased volume and fluid content

Question 4

What are four causes of diarrhea?

Answer 4

Maldigestion or mal absorption of food
Hyper secretion of intestinal fluid
Increased permeability of intestinal mucosal blood vessels
Increased intestinal motility

Question 5

What are antidiaerheals that modify intestinal movement not frequently used?

Answer 5

Because a large proportion of diarrhea in small animals involve decreased motility

Question 6

What are three examples of opioid analgesics?

Answer 6

Diphenoxylate
Paregoric
Loperamide

Question 7

What do opioid analgesics do? 3

Answer 7

Increase segmental contractions and reduce peristaltic waves and have an anti secretory effect

Question 8

What are two disadvantages to opioid analgesics?

Answer 8

Mask pain that can help you assess the situation

Increase the contact time between bacterial toxins and the intestinal mucosa

Question 9

Would you use opioid analgesics in an animal with bacterial enteritis?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What are four examples of anticholinergics?

Answer 10

Atropine
Isopropamide
Aminopentamide
Glycopyrolate

Question 11

What do anticholinergics do?

Answer 11

Block the effect of acetylcholine

Question 12

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 13

What diarrheas are anticholinergics effective against?

Answer 13

Diarrheas caused by increased colonic contractions

Question 14

What are anticholinergics not effective against?

Answer 14

Most small bowel diarrheas

Question 15

What are three absorbents and Protectants?

Answer 15

Activated charcoal
Kaolin/pectin
Bismuth subsalicylate

Question 16

What do absorbents and Protectants do?

Answer 16

Prevent bacterial toxins and irritating compounds in the bowel lumen from contacting the intestinal mucosa which then inhibits fluid secretion

Question 17

What does activated charcoal do?

Answer 17

Absorbs enterotoxins to its surface which then pass out in feces

Question 18

What does kaolin and pectin do?

Answer 18

Absorb enterotoxins and coat the intestinal bowel wall

Question 19

Because of their absorbent qualities what can kaopevtate do?

Answer 19

Decrease the Absorption of some antimicrobials and possible digoxin

Question 20

Is kaopectate absorbed in the GIT?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What can act as an osmotic agent and pull water into the bowel lumen?

Answer 21

Kaopectate

Question 22

Why do you not use bismuth subsalicylate in cats?

Answer 22

Because the salicylate is similar to aspirin so it can cause kidney damage

Question 23

What is bismuth subsalicylate broken down to in the intestinal bowel?

Answer 23

Bismuth carbonate and salicylate

Question 24

What does bismuth do?

Answer 24

Coats the intestinal mucosa protecting it from enterotoxins and has some antibacterial activity

Question 25

What does salicylate do?

Answer 25

Inhibits the secretion of fluids and is absorbed into the systemic circulation

Question 26

What are laxative, lubricants, and stool softener a used for?

Answer 26

Increase fluid content of fever or soften them to facilitate passage

Question 27

What do laxatives do?

Answer 27

Increase fluid content

Question 28

What are two types of laxatives?

Answer 28

Irritant laxatives and bulk laxatives

Question 29

What are two types of irritant laxatives?

Answer 29

Castor oil and phenolphthalein

Question 30

What do irritant laxatives do?

Answer 30

Irritate the intestinal mucosa causing increased fluid secretion and peristaltic activity

Question 31

What do bulk laxatives do?

Answer 31

Osmotocly pulls water into intestinal lumen

Question 32

What can happen if you use large amounts of hypertonic salts?

Answer 32

Dehydrate the animal

Question 33

Absorption of what two things in salts can cause clinical problems when it comes to bulk laxatives?

Answer 33

Magnesium and phosphate

Question 34

What are three examples of fiber bulk laxatives?

Answer 34

Bran Methyl cellulose Psyllium

Question 35

What is an example of magnesium salts? 2

Answer 35

Milk of magnesia and Epsom salts

Question 36

What is an example of phosphate salts?

Answer 36

Fleet enema

Question 37

What are three examples of lubricants?

Answer 37

Mineral oil Cod liver oil White petrolatum

Question 38

What is tasteless and does not stimulate swallowing very well which can cause problems?

Answer 38

Mineral oil

Question 39

What can long term use of lubricants cause?

Answer 39

Decrease absorption of lipid soluble vitamins from the bowel

Question 40

What are the four lipid soluble vitamins?

Answer 40

ADEK

Question 41

What do stool softener a do?

Answer 41

Reduce the surface tension of the fences allowing water to penetrate the dry stool

Question 42

What is an example of a stool softener?

Answer 42

Docusate sodium succinate

Question 43

Stool softener a May also increase what?

Answer 43

Fluid secretions which increase the fluid content

Question 44

Why should you not use stool softener a and lubricants at the same time?

Answer 44

Stool softener a can cause lubricants to absorb leading to liver inflammation

Question 45

What is a prokinetic drug?

Answer 45

Cisapride

Question 46

What does Cisapride do?

Answer 46

Stimulates motility in the colon by causing more peristaltic waves