GI Tract Infections

Question 1

breaks down polysaccharides

Answer 1

amylase

Question 2

breaks down sugars

Answer 2

sucrase

Question 3

breaks down proteins

Answer 3

peptidase

Question 4

majority of digestion is completed here

Answer 4

small intestine

Question 5

produced in brush border cells towards the top of the villi

Answer 5

intestinal digestive enzymes

Question 6

two basic functions of large intestine

Answer 6

-reabsorption of water and ions
-formation of and storage of feces

Question 7

second leading cause of death in the world

Answer 7

gastroenteritis / diarrheal disease

Question 8

host factors that help prevent GI infections (5)

Answer 8

-acidity
-peristalsis
-mucous
-normal flora
-follicles

Question 9

mediator of massive fluid secretion in a GI infection, non inflammatory

Answer 9

enterotoxin production

Question 10

cell destruction / marked inflammation and cytotoxin production usually occurs where

Answer 10

the colon

Question 11

five pathogenic mechanisms that bacteria use to cause gastroenteritis

Answer 11

-enterotoxin
-cytotoxin
-neurotoxin
-attachment
-invasion

Question 12

the most potent enterotoxin producing organism

Answer 12

vibrio cholerae

Question 13

act primarily in the jejunum and upper ileum

Answer 13

enterotoxins

Question 14

disease that exclusively occurs in the colon and caused by cytotoxins

Answer 14

dysentery

Question 15

cause of food poisoning

Answer 15

neurotoxin

Question 16

most common test ordered for pts with GI symptoms

Answer 16

stool culture

Question 17

inflammation of the rectum

Answer 17

proctitis

Question 18

usually caused by H pylori

Answer 18

gastritis

Question 19

most common transport media used for stools that cannot be processed in time

Answer 19

Cary-Blair media

Question 20

used to detect motile trophozites, cysts and eggs, and intestinal parasite larvae

Answer 20

wet mounts

Question 21

specimens for virus culture must be

Answer 21

refrigerated

Question 22

require specimens to be submitted in 10% formalin or PVA

Answer 22

ova and parasite testing

Question 23

appear as comma shaped gram negative bacteria

Answer 23

Campylobacter

Question 24

appear as acid fast positive bacteria with a Ziehl-Nielsen stain

Answer 24

cryptosporidium

Question 25

selective for gram negatives, differential for lactose fermenters, and H2S producers (2)

Answer 25

HE and XLD

Question 26

media that grows campylobacter

Answer 26

CVA

Question 27

H2S positive, indole negative, lactose negative

Answer 27

salmonella

Question 28

H2S negative, indole negative, lactose negative

Answer 28

shigella

Question 29

causes dysentery that presents as acute inflammatory colitis and bloody diarrhea

Answer 29

shigella

Question 30

only require very small amounts of organisms to initiate infection

Answer 30

shigella

Question 31

three categories of infection of salmonella

Answer 31

-gastroenteritis/diarrhea -bacteremia/extraintestinal infection -enteric fever (typhoid)

Question 32

linked with eggs and poultry

Answer 32

salmonella

Question 33

normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract

Answer 33

clostridium difficile

Question 34

causes dysentery/gastroenteritis by producing toxin when becoming prominent organism

Answer 34

c. diff

Question 35

most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis

Answer 35

campylobacter

Question 36

campylobacter infections are tied to (2)

Answer 36

reactive arthritis and Guillian-Barre syndrome

Question 37

oxidase positive, gram negative curved rod

Answer 37

campylobacter

Question 38

usually linked to ingestion of contaminated water or seafood

Answer 38

vibrio species

Question 39

grow better in the presence of salt

Answer 39

vibrio species

Question 40

arginine positive and ornithine dihydrogenase negative

Answer 40

aeromonas

Question 41

arginine and ornithine dihydrogenase positive

Answer 41

pleisomonas shigeloides