Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PM > Lecture 4 - UTIs > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - UTIs Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

upper urinary tract

A

kidneys, adrenal gland, ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lower urinary tract

A

bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lower UTIs are more common in this sex

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

upper urinary tract infections

A

pyelonephritis (kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lower urinary tract infections

A

cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

this UTI is often sexually transmitted

A

urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

this UTI is the “traditional” UTI

A

cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normal microbes in the urinary tract (8)

A

coagulase negative staph, viridans/nonhemolytic streptococci, lactobacilli, diptheroids, propionibacterium acnes, anaerobic gram neg. rods, commensal mycobacteria/mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what percent of all humans will have a UTI in their lifetime

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what percent of nosocomial infections are due to UTIs

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

number of outpatient visits due to a UTI

A

7mil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

number of emergency room visits due to a UTI

A

1mil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

number of hospital stays due to a UTI

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this bacteria is the most common cause of community acquired UTI

A

e. coli (uropathogenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

KES group

A

klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complicated community acquired infections are caused by (3)

A

proteus, psuedomonas, KES group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why are UTIs the highest cause of nosocomial infections

A

catheters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the longer the catheter is in place,

A

the higher the chance a UTI will occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hospital acquired and community acquired UTIs differ how?

A

hospital acquired are generally harder to treat because of multiple antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

colonization of the vaginal cavity/periurethral area by organisms normally found in the GI tract, which can go up the urethra into the bladder

A

ascending route of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the most frequent source of bacteremia in pts

A

a UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

these on the catheter can help provide access of the bacteria into the urethra and ascend

A

biofilms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

this percentage of pts with a catheter will develop bacteruria

A

10-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

blood borne route of spread to the urinary tract

A

hematogenous spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
hematogenous spread is typically a result of this
bacteremia
26
originate from retroperitoneal abscesses and severe rectal infections
lymphatic spread
27
percentage of UTIs due to hematogenous spread
less than 5%
28
inhibitory to anaerobes and other organisms due to low pH, high urea concentration
urine
29
has antibacterial properties so site of infection remains superficial
bladder mucosal surface
30
junction of the ureter and bladder prevents reflux of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract
a valvelike mechanism
31
group of small antimicrobial peptides that are produced by host cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and cells in the urinary tract) and attach to the bacterial cell to kill it
defensins
32
host defenses against UTIs (6)
-urine -flushing of urine in bladder -bladder mucosa -valvelike mechanism -host immune response -defensins
33
virulence factors in UTIs (6)
-pathogenicity islands -adherence factors -urease -motility -K antigen production -biofilm production
34
genome sequences in organisms associated with virulence
pathogenicity islands
35
pilli, adhesins, alpha-hemolysin production, and resistance to serum-killing activity
adherence factors
36
ability to hydrolyze urea such as Proteus, Klebsiella, and Staph saprophyticus that increases pH to be toxic to kidney cells and stimulate formation of kidney stones
urease
37
added ability to ascend to the kidney (vf)
motility
38
protects bacteria from being phagocytized
K antigen production
39
formed within the bladder that can cause persistence of infection or recurrence even when treated
biofilm production
40
symptoms of urethritis (2)
painful or difficult urination, frequency
41
microbes that frequently cause urethritis (3)
-chlamydia trachomatis -neisseria gonorrhoeae -trichomonas vaginalis
42
screening for an asymptomatic UTI is recommended in these people (3)
-pregnant women -males undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate -individuals undergoing urologic procedures for which mucosal bleeding is anticipated
43
symptoms of cystitis (4)
-dysuria -frequency and urgency -tenderness and pain over area of bladder -urine can be bloody, cloudy, or smelly
44
this percent of pts presenting with pyelonephritis will also present with bacteremia
40%
45
symptoms of pyelonephritis (4)
-fever -flank pain -lower tract symptoms -systemic signs
46
presence of this are indicative of UTIs
nitrites
47
presence of RBCs in urine
indicate damage
48
presence of WBC casts in urine
indicate pyelonephritis
49
presence of WBC in urine
pyuria
50
presence of leukocyte esterase in urine
indicates presence of WBCs
51
what bacteria is notoriously resistant and difficult to treat
KES group
52
most common way of urine collection, so that it is not contaminated with normal flora at the urethral exit point or anogenital surface
clean catch midstream specimens
53
invasive urine collection but less urethral contamination
straight catheterized urine
54
urine is withdrawn directly into a syringe through a percutaneuously inserted needle, usually performed on premature infants and small children
suprapubic bladder aspiration
55
urine collection that is strict, these are generally seen in patients in nursing homes and long term hospital patients; must have asceptic technique
indwelling catether
56
this is a useful tool in helping with an initial diagnosis of a UTI
gram stain
57
why is a gram stain useful in diagnosing a UTI
the clinician can decide what antibiotics are given
58
how much CFU is considered a true UTI
>10^5 CFU/mL
59
what loop size is used for a 5% sheep blood agar/Maconkey agar
1:100 (10 µL loop)
60
the isolation of bacteria of a specified count in a person without any symptoms
asymptomatic UTI/bacteruria
61
a count of 10^2CFU/ml with a >8 WBC/mm3 and symptoms is indicative of
acute urethral syndrome
62
the most common causes of UTI
Gram​ negative bacilli (usually belong to Enterobacterales group)
63
Generally greater than _______ is significant for workup – anything less is not worked up ​
10,000 cfu/ml (or ten colonies on a plate)
64
Greater than _____________ is considered a mixed culture and warrants a repeat collection of the specimen
three of different morphotypes
65
most common bacterial causes of UTI
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus

PM (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions