Gilded Age Unit

Question 0

NA leaders

Answer 0

Sitting bull (killed during arrest at ghost dance) and crazy horse: second Sioux war, destroyed cluster at little big horn
Chief Joseph: lead nez percé into Canada 
Geronimo: ?

Question 1

Helen hunt Jackson

Answer 1

Wrote century of dishonor to create sympathy for the native Americans (triggered Dawes act)

Question 2

Wounded knee/ ghost dance

Answer 2

To Drive whites from ancestral land, 200 natives killed, including sitting bull. Marked end of Indian war

Question 3

Dawes act

Answer 3

Divided tribal lands, if they stay in the land for 25 years and adopted the habits of civilized life they can gain citizenship

Question 4

Morrill act

Answer 4

Sale of federal land grants to maintain farm and technical colleges

Question 5

Mining Fronteir

Answer 5

California gold rush caused gold strikes
Placer mining
Industrial cities, environmental scars
Chinese exclusion act, miners tax

Question 6

Cow herding and it’s downfall

Answer 6

Mexican vaqueros

90% of Cows died due to overgrazing, barbed wire cold and drought

Question 7

Farmer probs

Answer 7

Poverty from

• northern domination in railroads and steel
• late start of industrialization
• poorly educated workforce
• blacks cut off from opportunity

Question 8

Agriculture

Answer 8

-tenants/ share cropping
-cotton value went down
-cycle of debt and poverty
-Farmers southern alliance/colored farmers alliance
Political reforms to solve problems

Question 9

Granger laws

Answer 9

-social and educational organization for farmers
Established cooperatives: businesses owned by farmers to help costs from middlemen
-no pools
-munn v Illinois: Supreme Court rules public businesses

Question 10

Ocala platform

Answer 10

• direct election of us senators
• lower tariffs
• graduated income tax
• new federal controlled banking system

Question 11

Booker t. And WEB DuBois

Answer 11

Booker t: economic opportunities for blacks (National Negro business league)
DuBois: uncompensated equality

Question 12

Civil rights cases of 1883

Answer 12

Congress could not legislate against racial discrimination by citizens

Question 13

Populists

Answer 13

• unlimited coinage if silver
• graduated income tax
• telegraph and phones owned by the gov
• loans and storage for farmers
• 8 hr day

Question 14

Elections

Answer 14

-democrats= southwest
-republicans = north/ business
Democrats controlled house
Republicans controlled senate
Cleveland was the only democrat elected in this age, two non consecutive terms
Democrats= rum, Romanism and rebellion
Party loyalty + only big problem is tariffs

Question 15

American protective association

Answer 15

Nativist society that openly prejudiced Roman Catholics

Question 16

Halfbreeds/ stalwarts / mugwumps

Answer 16

Mugwumps: on the fence between democrats and republicans
Stalwarts: roscoe conkling
Halfbreeds: rivals of patronage, James g Blaine

Question 17

Panics of ‘73 & ‘93 causes and effects

Answer 17

Cause: OVERSPECULATION by financiers, industry, pools, bias in freight rates, monopolies in railroads
Effects: bankruptcy, foreclosure, business failure

Question 18

Tariffs

Answer 18

Republicans: pro tariff for business prosperity
Democrats: low tariff
McKinley tariff: raised tax in imports to 50%
Gold reserve lowered by Sherman silver purchase act, passed Wilson gordman tariff:
-moderate reduction in tariff rates
-2% income tax on incomes $2000+

Question 19

Hull house

Answer 19

Started by Jane Addams teaching english to immigrants, early childhood education, taught industry and music
Civic volunteers

Question 20

Thomas Nast

Answer 20

Cartoons exposing political problems

Question 21

Boss tweed

Answer 21

Stole $200 million from new York’s taxpayers taking large chunks of graft

Question 22

Interstate commerce act and ICC

Answer 22

ICA: first federal regulatory agency, established the ICC:
-could prosecute pools, rebates and other discriminatory practices
-anti monopoly
-railroads found it useful in curbing competition
-lost most cases
Wabash v Illinois: states couldn’t regulate interstate commerce

Question 23

Sherman silver purchase act

Answer 23

Increased coinage of silver, but not enough to satisfy farmers

Question 24

Pendleton civil service act

Answer 24

Applications for federal jobs would be based in scores of competitive examination

Question 25

Sherman antitrust act

Answer 25

- No contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce - at first it was used to control labor unions - loosely enforced: - US vs EC knight ruled it could commerce, but not manufacturing

Question 26

McKinley tariff

Answer 26

raised tax in imports to 50% | Helped Cleveland win

Question 27

National labor union

Answer 27

First big union 8hr day and child labor laws -dies with panic of '73

Question 28

Knights of labor

Answer 28

- no bankers, lawyers, or liquor salesmen - social and economic reform - does with haymarket riot

Question 29

American federation of labor

Answer 29

Skilled labor Bread and butter (hours, wages, conditions) Most successful

Question 30

How to end/ prevent union strikes

Answer 30

- private police/ violence - court injunctions - yellow dog contracts - lockouts - blacklists

Question 31

Great RR strike

Answer 31

Cause: cuts in wages Effects: violence spreads to cities so gov steps in

Question 32

Hay market riot

Answer 32

Cause: push for 8 hr day and wages Effects: knights die off with ideas that they have socialist/anarchist toes

Question 33

Homestead strike

Answer 33

Cause: cuts in wages by Carnegie and henchman frick Effects: private police use violence to end strike

Question 34

Pullman strike

Answer 34

Cause: wages cut w/o decrease in company town costs Effects: injunction of courts will end strike

Question 35

Pools

Answer 35

Businesses divide land and decide not to compete in that area

Question 36

Trust

Answer 36

Control stock of other companies, but do not own it (hold in trust)

Question 37

Interlocking directorates

Answer 37

the strategic purpose of tying corporations together for economic advantage for the owners

Question 38

Holding company

Answer 38

Holds another companies stock

Question 39

Horizontal/vertical integration

Answer 39

Horizontal: controls all of one part of production, refineries Vertical: controls all aspects from raw materials to distribution

Question 40

Social darwinism

Answer 40

Survival of the fittest tied to wealth

Question 41

Gospel of wealth

Answer 41

Rich people should use wealth for public good, (libraries, schools etc)

Question 42

Inventors and inventions

Answer 42

``` Thomas Edison: lightbulb, phonograph, alkaline battery Glidden: barbed wire Bell: telephone Pillsbury: wheat milling Westinghouse: electric transformer ```

Question 43

Railroads: transcontinental

Answer 43

Union Pacific went west from the plains while the central pacific pushed east from California through mountains. Southern pacific: New Orleans to LA Northern pacific: Duluth to Seattle Santa Fe: Kansas City to LA St. Paul to Seattle, *great northern was the only one built without federal subsidies

Question 44

Railroads: govt funding

Answer 44

Federal loans and land grants - some more than x3 homestead act - hasty and poor construction - widespread gov corruption (credit mobilier) - controlled a lot of western states

Question 45

Transcontinental railroad scandal

Answer 45

Credit mobilier

Question 46

Time zones

Answer 46

Railroad company divided America into 4 time zones | Railroad time = standard time