Gilded Age Unit Flashcards

(47 cards)

0
Q

NA leaders

A
Sitting bull (killed during arrest at ghost dance) and crazy horse: second Sioux war, destroyed cluster at little big horn
Chief Joseph: lead nez percé into Canada 
Geronimo: ?
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1
Q

Helen hunt Jackson

A

Wrote century of dishonor to create sympathy for the native Americans (triggered Dawes act)

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2
Q

Wounded knee/ ghost dance

A

To Drive whites from ancestral land, 200 natives killed, including sitting bull. Marked end of Indian war

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3
Q

Dawes act

A

Divided tribal lands, if they stay in the land for 25 years and adopted the habits of civilized life they can gain citizenship

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4
Q

Morrill act

A

Sale of federal land grants to maintain farm and technical colleges

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5
Q

Mining Fronteir

A

California gold rush caused gold strikes
Placer mining
Industrial cities, environmental scars
Chinese exclusion act, miners tax

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6
Q

Cow herding and it’s downfall

A

Mexican vaqueros

90% of Cows died due to overgrazing, barbed wire cold and drought

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7
Q

Farmer probs

A

Poverty from

  • northern domination in railroads and steel
  • late start of industrialization
  • poorly educated workforce
  • blacks cut off from opportunity
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8
Q

Agriculture

A

-tenants/ share cropping
-cotton value went down
-cycle of debt and poverty
-Farmers southern alliance/colored farmers alliance
Political reforms to solve problems

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9
Q

Granger laws

A

-social and educational organization for farmers
Established cooperatives: businesses owned by farmers to help costs from middlemen
-no pools
-munn v Illinois: Supreme Court rules public businesses

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10
Q

Ocala platform

A
  • direct election of us senators
  • lower tariffs
  • graduated income tax
  • new federal controlled banking system
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11
Q

Booker t. And WEB DuBois

A

Booker t: economic opportunities for blacks (National Negro business league)
DuBois: uncompensated equality

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12
Q

Civil rights cases of 1883

A

Congress could not legislate against racial discrimination by citizens

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13
Q

Populists

A
  • unlimited coinage if silver
  • graduated income tax
  • telegraph and phones owned by the gov
  • loans and storage for farmers
  • 8 hr day
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14
Q

Elections

A

-democrats= southwest
-republicans = north/ business
Democrats controlled house
Republicans controlled senate
Cleveland was the only democrat elected in this age, two non consecutive terms
Democrats= rum, Romanism and rebellion
Party loyalty + only big problem is tariffs

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15
Q

American protective association

A

Nativist society that openly prejudiced Roman Catholics

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16
Q

Halfbreeds/ stalwarts / mugwumps

A

Mugwumps: on the fence between democrats and republicans
Stalwarts: roscoe conkling
Halfbreeds: rivals of patronage, James g Blaine

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17
Q

Panics of ‘73 & ‘93 causes and effects

A

Cause: OVERSPECULATION by financiers, industry, pools, bias in freight rates, monopolies in railroads
Effects: bankruptcy, foreclosure, business failure

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18
Q

Tariffs

A

Republicans: pro tariff for business prosperity
Democrats: low tariff
McKinley tariff: raised tax in imports to 50%
Gold reserve lowered by Sherman silver purchase act, passed Wilson gordman tariff:
-moderate reduction in tariff rates
-2% income tax on incomes $2000+

19
Q

Hull house

A

Started by Jane Addams teaching english to immigrants, early childhood education, taught industry and music
Civic volunteers

20
Q

Thomas Nast

A

Cartoons exposing political problems

21
Q

Boss tweed

A

Stole $200 million from new York’s taxpayers taking large chunks of graft

22
Q

Interstate commerce act and ICC

A

ICA: first federal regulatory agency, established the ICC:
-could prosecute pools, rebates and other discriminatory practices
-anti monopoly
-railroads found it useful in curbing competition
-lost most cases
Wabash v Illinois: states couldn’t regulate interstate commerce

23
Q

Sherman silver purchase act

A

Increased coinage of silver, but not enough to satisfy farmers

24
Pendleton civil service act
Applications for federal jobs would be based in scores of competitive examination
25
Sherman antitrust act
- No contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce - at first it was used to control labor unions - loosely enforced: - US vs EC knight ruled it could commerce, but not manufacturing
26
McKinley tariff
raised tax in imports to 50% | Helped Cleveland win
27
National labor union
First big union 8hr day and child labor laws -dies with panic of '73
28
Knights of labor
- no bankers, lawyers, or liquor salesmen - social and economic reform - does with haymarket riot
29
American federation of labor
Skilled labor Bread and butter (hours, wages, conditions) Most successful
30
How to end/ prevent union strikes
- private police/ violence - court injunctions - yellow dog contracts - lockouts - blacklists
31
Great RR strike
Cause: cuts in wages Effects: violence spreads to cities so gov steps in
32
Hay market riot
Cause: push for 8 hr day and wages Effects: knights die off with ideas that they have socialist/anarchist toes
33
Homestead strike
Cause: cuts in wages by Carnegie and henchman frick Effects: private police use violence to end strike
34
Pullman strike
Cause: wages cut w/o decrease in company town costs Effects: injunction of courts will end strike
35
Pools
Businesses divide land and decide not to compete in that area
36
Trust
Control stock of other companies, but do not own it (hold in trust)
37
Interlocking directorates
the strategic purpose of tying corporations together for economic advantage for the owners
38
Holding company
Holds another companies stock
39
Horizontal/vertical integration
Horizontal: controls all of one part of production, refineries Vertical: controls all aspects from raw materials to distribution
40
Social darwinism
Survival of the fittest tied to wealth
41
Gospel of wealth
Rich people should use wealth for public good, (libraries, schools etc)
42
Inventors and inventions
``` Thomas Edison: lightbulb, phonograph, alkaline battery Glidden: barbed wire Bell: telephone Pillsbury: wheat milling Westinghouse: electric transformer ```
43
Railroads: transcontinental
Union Pacific went west from the plains while the central pacific pushed east from California through mountains. Southern pacific: New Orleans to LA Northern pacific: Duluth to Seattle Santa Fe: Kansas City to LA St. Paul to Seattle, *great northern was the only one built without federal subsidies
44
Railroads: govt funding
Federal loans and land grants - some more than x3 homestead act - hasty and poor construction - widespread gov corruption (credit mobilier) - controlled a lot of western states
45
Transcontinental railroad scandal
Credit mobilier
46
Time zones
Railroad company divided America into 4 time zones | Railroad time = standard time