Unit 1 Flashcards
0
Q
Jamestown had the first ________
A
Joint stock company
1
Q
Virginia was founded mainly for what reason?
A
Economic prosperity
2
Q
Puritans migrated because _________
A
- they wanted freedom of religion
- their economy was suffering
3
Q
The Encomienda system is
A
Native Americans can be enslaved as long as they were christianized
4
Q
What was the first successful British settlement?
A
Jamestown
5
Q
What did Maryland, Virginia, the Carolina’s, and Georgia have in common?
A
They all relied on a single cash crop
6
Q
Puritans accepted the idea of _______
A
A covenant with God
7
Q
King Phillips war resulted in _______
A
Lasting defeat of the New England tribes
8
Q
The New England Confederation was
A
Designed to bolster colonial defense. Consisted of Massachusetts bay, Connecticut Plymouth, and new haven to protect from outside attacks.
9
Q
The Dominion of New England was
A
A brief experiment by James the 2 by combining into larger administrative units and getting rid of their representative assemblies in order to get more royal control. It included the New England colonies. Ended after the glorious revolution.
10
Q
You got into the Puritan church by _____ (halfway covenant)
A
Being a baptized child of a baptized person
11
Q
Where did the first African Americans come?
A
Virginia
12
Q
Why did the Dutch settle in the americas?
A
To expand commercial and mercantile network
13
Q
Where was slavery legal?
A
Everywhere
14
Q
What was the Mayflower compact?
A
Early written constitution, establishing the powers and duties of the government.
-majority rule
15
Q
What is the difference between a charter and a constitution?
A
A charter is a document granting special privileges from the English monarch.
A constitution grants rights within the colonies
16
Q
What was the Bacon’s rebellion?
A
Led by Nathaniel Bacon, encouraged western farmers to rebel against Sir William Berkley's government (policies that favored large planters and antagonized western farmers cuz he failed to protect them from Indian attacks). Conducted series of raids and massacres against Indian villages on frontier (Virginia). Managed to defeat governors forces and burn Jamestown settlement. It highlighted sharp class differences and introduced colonial resistance to royal control.
17
Q
What was king Phillips war?
A
King Phillip ( the chief of the Wampanoag tribe) united tribes against intruding English settlers. Colonial forces defeated them and Native American resistance was gone.
18
Q
I’m which colony(s) was the governor elected by the people ALONG WITH white male property owners?
A
Rhode Island and Connecticut
19
Q
Define and give an example of a proprietary colony
A
A proprietary colony was under the authority of individuals that were granted charters of ownership by the king.
Ex: Maryland, Pennsylvania
20
Q
What is a corporate colony?
A
Colonies operated by joint stock companies (Jamestown)
21
Q
In what colonies were governors appointed by the crown?
A
New York and Virginia
22
Q
What was the role of the average colonial wife?
A
Housework, education, and working with their husbands. Mutual dependence prevented divorce.
23
Q
Explain the colonial social classes
A
Social class system was based in economics with wealthy landowners at the top and common people (small farm owners and craftsman) made up the majority.
24
New England's economy was based upon _________
Logging, fishing, rum making, trading, ships etc.
25
Congregationalists were _______
Successors to the puritans, viewed by the Protestants as overly domineering and complex
26
Who were Jonathan Edwards and George whitefield?
Reverends in the great awakening that put emphasis on Hell and how belief in God and his saving grace could spare you.
27
What was the difference between the Old lights and New lights around the time of the great awakening?
The new lights supported Presbyterian and congregational teachings, while old lights disapproved.
28
What are some of the ways the Great Awakening had an effect on the colonies' development as their own country?
-all colonists, despite national origins, shared a common experience/ belief as Americans
-democratizing effect by changing the way that the colonists viewed authority
"If we can make our own religious decisions, why not political as well?"
29
How did education vary between New England, the middle colonies, and the southern colonies?
New England: religious education led to the first tax driven schools, and grammar schools to prepare boys for college.
Middle: church sponsored or private, teachers lived with the families of their students
Southern: homeschooled kids to give them whatever education. they could.
30
What was the Zenger case and why was it significant?
Peter Zenger criticized New York's governor and was put on trial. The English law said that injuring a governors reputation was a criminal act, put the jury ignored this and voted to acquit Zenger. This, although not garunteeing complete freedom of press, encouraged newspapers to take greater risks in expressing their beliefs.
31
What were the two houses in colonial government and how were they decided?
Legislature consisted of upper and lower house. Lower house was elected by qualifying individuals, and voted for or against new taxes. Colonists became upcast ones to this and refused to pay anything that the legislature didn't approve. The upper house was appointed by the king or proprietor.
32
What three wars preceded the F+I war (7 years war)?
King Williams war, Queen Anne's war: both failed attempts to capture Quebec
King George's war: under attack from French and Spanish. Gave louisbourg in exchange for economic gains in India
33
How did the F+I war start?
French built chain of forts in the Ohio valley to halt British Growth. Virginia sent Washington out to gain control of valley, but surrendered. War began
34
What was the Albany plan of union and why did it fail?
Delegates from 7 colonies formed a plan that provided an inter-colonial gov, military recruitment, and tax collection.
Each colony was too stingy to give up taxation power
35
How did the F+I war end?
Under new British Prime minister William Pitt, Louisbourg was retaken, Montreal was taken, and Quebec surrendered. The treaty Peace of Paris, Britain acquired French Canada and Spanish Florida. France gave Spain all of Louisiana and claims west of the Mississippi River in compensation. Huge step in American confidence and independence.
36
What was Pontiac's rebellion?
Chief Pontiac led attack on settlers on the frontier, angered by the growth and lack of gifts. Forts were destroyed from New York to Virginia. Fought by British, not colonial troops.
37
What was the proclamation of 1763?
Colonists couldn't settle west of the Appalachian mountains in order to avoid skirmishes w native Americans. Colonists ignored it and saw it as an attack on their rights.
38
In the 2 yrs of peace after the F+I war ended, George III passed what three acts in an attempt to pay off debt?
Sugar Act
Quartering act
Stamp act
39
Who were the sons and daughters of liberty?
A secret society formed for the purpose of intimidating tax agents, sabotaging revenue stamps.
40
What was the declatory act and what cause it's formation?
Asserted that the parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever. Happened due to resistance in the three acts (sugar, quartering, stamp)
41
What were the Townshend acts?
Required that revenues collected from tea, glass and paper be used to pay crown officials in the colonies, making them independent of the colonial assemblies. Gave them right to search personal belongings to look for smuggled items. Didn't cause immediate resistance because they were indirect taxes.
42
What were the Coercive/ Intolerable acts, and why did they happen?
1) port act: closed the port of Bosto, no trade till the destroyed tea was paid for
2) mass. Gov act: the power of the Mass. Legislature went down while the power of the royal governor increased
2) administration of justice act: royal officials accused of crimes will have trials held in England
4) expansion of quartering act
43
What caused the Boston Massacre?
A crowd harassing the guards near a custom official's house
44
Who kept the anti British feeling alive after the repeal of the Townshend acts, causing the Gaspee and Boston tea party?
Samuel Adams and others
45
What was the Gaspee?
A group of colonists disguised of native Americans and set a British customs ship on fire.
46
What was the basis of the Quebec act?
Organized Canadian lands gained from France, setting up Roman Catholicism and extended boundary to the ohio river.
47
John Locke was a _______
English theorist and American philosopher in the Enlightenment. Made Henry of "natural laws"
48
What was the idea of the Enlightenment
Believed that the "dark past" could be corrected by human reasoning in solving problems. Citizens had a right to revolt against the government, and stressed natural laws. Divine intervention in human affairs was minimal, and rationalism was believed. Future american revolution leaders were maturing this era (Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Adams)
49
What shays rebellion?
Captain Daniel shay, a farmer and revolutionary war vet, led other farmers in rebellion against high taxes, inprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money. Attempted to seize weapons from the Springfield armory, but the state militia of Massachusetts stopped them.
50
What was the committees of correspondence?
Initiated by Sam Adams, committees were organized that would spread letters about suspicious or threatening British activity.
51
What was the land ordinance of 1785?
Congress established a policy for surveying and selling western lands. The policy set aside 1 section of land in each township for public education.
52
What ended after the F+I war?
Salutary neglect
53
Define mercantilism
Trade, colonies and the accumulation of wealth was the basis of a countries military and political strength
54
What was the northwest ordinance of 1787?
Limited self government to the developing territitory and prohibited slavery in the region between the Great Lakes and the ohio river
55
What was the treaty of Paris, and what did it provide for?
Britain would recognize the U.S as an independent nation
The MI river would be the boundary
Americans could fish off the coast of Canada
Americans would pay off debts toward Britain and honor loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war
56
Why was South Carolina so profitable?
Rice growing plantations
| Ties with the West Indies
57
What were the pros and cons of the articles of confederation?
Pros:
- Won the war, U.S could claim credit for negotiating with Britain and washingtons win
- land ordinances
Cons:
- financial: more debts were unpaid and congress had no taxing power
- foreign: seen as a separate country, Spain and Europe could overpower them. They had no respect for them
- domestic: shays rebellion
58
Name the key battles of the American revolution
- Lexington and concord: British casualties and humiliation
- bunker hill: huge British losses
- New York: washingtons forces were routed by the British
- SARATOGA: French allies
- Yorktown: last major battle, British surrender
59
Why did France get involved in the American revolution?
- Revenge
| - get rid of British competition
60
What was the olive branch petition?
Delegates pledged their loyalty to King George III, and asked the king to intercede with parliament to ensure colonial rights and peace.
61
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
Statement to support Richard Henry Lee's resolution that it would be better for America to be independent.
62
Name some British advantages in the revolution
Number
Supplies
European and loyalist support
63
What was William Pitts role in the F+I war?
British prime minister at the time, concentrated military strategy to conquer canada, resulted in the taking of Montreal and extended British power.
64
What was George washingtons role in the F+I war?
Lost the first Battle, tried to get French and native allies to stop work on the ohio river valley.
65
What was the house of burgesses?
of Virginia was the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America. The House was established by the Virginia Company.
66
What caused the Europeans to explore?
- technological advances
- religious expansion
- trade with Middle East
67
What was antinomianism?
The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation. (Believed by Anne Hutchinson)
68
Who was John Winthrop?
Leader of the puritans in the great migration
69
Who was William Bradford?
One of the first leaders of Plymouth
70
Were the pilgrims separatists or puritans?
Separatists
71
Who was Georgia founded by, and why was it founded
Founded by a group of philanthropists led by James Oglethorpe, Georgia acted as a buffer from Spanish Florida, and prisoners were sent there.
72
How and why were the Carolina's successful?
Granted by Charles II to 8 nobles as a rewards, eventually grew into a proprietorship
North- tobacco
South- rice w West Indies
73
The act of toleration was in ____
Maryland
74
What was Roanoke?
A failed settlement by sir Walter Raleigh of the North Carolina coast
75
What was the War of Jenkins' Ear?
Commercial rivalry between Britain and Spain
76
What and when was the restoration?
The founding of new southern colonies such as the Carolina's and Georgia in the late 1700s
77
What was parliaments prohibitory act?
Declared the colonies in a state of rebellion after the olive branch petition was rejected
78
What and when was the restoration?
The founding of new southern colonies such as the Carolina's and Georgia in the late 1700s
79
What was parliaments prohibitory act?
Declared the colonies in a state of rebellion after the olive branch petition was rejected
