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Anatomy > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

1
Q

4 Stages of GI tract

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion

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2
Q

Types of Ingestion

A

Prehension, Mastication, Deglutition

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3
Q

Types of digestion

A

Chemical and Mechanical

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4
Q

Absorption types

A

Compaction and Peristalsis

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5
Q

Parts of the alimentary digestive tract

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines

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6
Q

Parts of accessory organs of alimentary tract

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

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7
Q

3 places where esophagus is commonly obstructed

A

Esophageal hiatus of diaphragm, base of heart, and thoracic inlet

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8
Q

Function of the stomach

A

To store food for churning and to move chyme to small intestine

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9
Q

Position of the empty stomach in the body

A

Left side of abdomen inside costal arch

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10
Q

Position of full stomach in the body

A

Moves caudally and makes contact with ventral body wall

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11
Q

In a normal, healthy dog, is the stomach palpable

A

No

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12
Q

4 parts of stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus

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13
Q

Function of the pyloric region of the stomach

A

Joins body to descending duodenum

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14
Q

3 Parts of pylorus (in order)

A

Pyloric antrum, Pyloric Sphincter, and Pyloric canal

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15
Q

Which two sections of the stomach have gastric mucus

A

Cardiac and Pyloric

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16
Q

What types of gastric mucosa does the proper gastric region have

A

Gastric juice (Pepsin and HCl)

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17
Q

When is the only time rugae are present

A

Stomach is empty

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18
Q

What Stomach injury is common in German Shepherd and Great Danes

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV)

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19
Q

Overview of Gastric Dilation Volvulus

A

Dilation that occurs with accumulation of gas, fluid, and food in the stomach. Happens within 2 hours of eating

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20
Q

Clinical Signs of GDV

A

Abdominal distention, restlessness, abdominal pain, retching, hypersalivation

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21
Q

How many degrees does the stomach rotate in GDV

A

90-360

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22
Q

During GDV, where is the pylorus

A

Left of the midline

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23
Q

During GDV, what happens to the duodenum

A

It gets trapped between distal esophagus and stomach

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24
Q

True or False: During GDV the gastric contents ferment and stomach dilates

A

True

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25
Q

During GDV what happens to the Cd. Vena cava and portal vein

A

Both are compressed, reducing venous return to heart

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26
Q

What other 4 conditions can GDV cause

A

Hypovolemic shock, Metabolic Acidosis, hypotension, and tissue hypoxia

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27
Q

What issue does GDV cause in the liver

A

Endotoxemia; liver can’t clear gram negative endotoxins

28
Q

3 treatments for GDV

A

SubQ fluids, Orogastric tube, and Gastrocentesis using a 18 gauge needle on the RIGHT side of the abdomen

29
Q

Function of the plicae circularis

A

To increase surface area of small intestine
(Ex. Microvilli and Villi)

30
Q

Function of the small intestine

A

Major digestive organ; main absorption site

31
Q

Location of the cranial duodenal flexure

A

Right of midline at end of cranial portion of the duodenum

32
Q

Location of descending duodenum

A

Right side of midline

33
Q

Location of caudal duodenal flexure

A

Near pelvic midline

34
Q

Location of ascending duodenum

A

Left side of midline

35
Q

Flexure between duodenum and jejunum is called

A

Duodenojujenal flexure

36
Q

What occurs in the duodenum

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption

37
Q

What attaches duodenum to abdominal wall

A

Mesoduodenum

38
Q

Location of the liver

A

Between diaphragm and viscera

39
Q

Liver lobes

A

Right lateral, right medial, quadrate, left medial, left lateral and Caudate lobe (caudate and papillary process)

40
Q

Which liver lobe contains renal impression of the right kidney

A

Caudate process of caudate lobe

41
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Temporary bile storage

42
Q

Which two lobes of the liver surround the gallbladder

A

Right medial and quadrate

43
Q

What ducts drain into bile duct

A

Hepatic ducts

44
Q

Which duct flows upward into gallbladder

A

Cystic duct

45
Q

Cats don’t have a ______ duct

A

Accessory bile duct

46
Q

What two structures make up the common bile duct

A

Bile and pancreatic ducts

47
Q

Describe the inactive digestion period in the bile duct

A

Papilla closed by smooth m. Sphincter; bile flows upwards through cystic duct

48
Q

Describe the active digestion period in the bile duct

A

Hormones open sphincter; cystic contractions forces bile out gallbladder

49
Q

What two functions does the pancreas have

A

Exocrine and endocrine

50
Q

Exocrine secretions of the pancreas are

A

Lipase and amylase

51
Q

Endocrine secretions of the pancreas are

A

Glucagon and gastrin

52
Q

Location of the body of the pancreas

A

By the pylorus of the stomach

53
Q

Location of the left lobe of the pancreas

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

54
Q

Location of the right lobe of the pancreas

A

Descending duodenum

55
Q

Cats have large ______ ducts

A

Pancreatic ducts

56
Q

Dogs have large_____ ducts

A

Accessory

57
Q

Accessory ducts open into

A

Minor duodenal papilla

58
Q

Pancreatic duct opens into

A

Major duodenal papilla

59
Q

Cats usually have how many common bile ducts

A

1

60
Q

What forms the root of mesentery and contains the cranial mesenteric artery

A

Mesojejunoileum

61
Q

The mesojejunoileum can herniate through the

A

Epiploic foramen (Clin Sig)

62
Q

List the 4 boundaries of the jejunum and ileum

A

Dorsally- caudate lobe
Dorsally- caudal vena cava
Ventrally-portal vein
Cranially-liver

63
Q

Jejunum and ileum lead into the ______ bursa

A

Omental bursa

64
Q

Ileum contains ________ blood vessels

A

Anti-mesenteric blood vessels

65
Q

What is the name of the orifice between the ileum and colon

A

Ileocolic orifice

Anatomy (10 decks)

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