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GIT Flashcards

1
Q

4 Stages of GI tract

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion

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2
Q

Types of Ingestion

A

Prehension, Mastication, Deglutition

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3
Q

Types of digestion

A

Chemical and Mechanical

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4
Q

Absorption types

A

Compaction and Peristalsis

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5
Q

Parts of the alimentary digestive tract

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines

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6
Q

Parts of accessory organs of alimentary tract

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

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7
Q

3 places where esophagus is commonly obstructed

A

Esophageal hiatus of diaphragm, base of heart, and thoracic inlet

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8
Q

Function of the stomach

A

To store food for churning and to move chyme to small intestine

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9
Q

Position of the empty stomach in the body

A

Left side of abdomen inside costal arch

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10
Q

Position of full stomach in the body

A

Moves caudally and makes contact with ventral body wall

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11
Q

In a normal, healthy dog, is the stomach palpable

A

No

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12
Q

4 parts of stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus

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13
Q

Function of the pyloric region of the stomach

A

Joins body to descending duodenum

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14
Q

3 Parts of pylorus (in order)

A

Pyloric antrum, Pyloric Sphincter, and Pyloric canal

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15
Q

Which two sections of the stomach have gastric mucus

A

Cardiac and Pyloric

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16
Q

What types of gastric mucosa does the proper gastric region have

A

Gastric juice (Pepsin and HCl)

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17
Q

When is the only time rugae are present

A

Stomach is empty

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18
Q

What Stomach injury is common in German Shepherd and Great Danes

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV)

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19
Q

Overview of Gastric Dilation Volvulus

A

Dilation that occurs with accumulation of gas, fluid, and food in the stomach. Happens within 2 hours of eating

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20
Q

Clinical Signs of GDV

A

Abdominal distention, restlessness, abdominal pain, retching, hypersalivation

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21
Q

How many degrees does the stomach rotate in GDV

A

90-360

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22
Q

During GDV, where is the pylorus

A

Left of the midline

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23
Q

During GDV, what happens to the duodenum

A

It gets trapped between distal esophagus and stomach

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24
Q

True or False: During GDV the gastric contents ferment and stomach dilates

A

True

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25
During GDV what happens to the Cd. Vena cava and portal vein
Both are compressed, reducing venous return to heart
26
What other 4 conditions can GDV cause
Hypovolemic shock, Metabolic Acidosis, hypotension, and tissue hypoxia
27
What issue does GDV cause in the liver
Endotoxemia; liver can’t clear gram negative endotoxins
28
3 treatments for GDV
SubQ fluids, Orogastric tube, and Gastrocentesis using a 18 gauge needle on the RIGHT side of the abdomen
29
Function of the plicae circularis
To increase surface area of small intestine (Ex. Microvilli and Villi)
30
Function of the small intestine
Major digestive organ; main absorption site
31
Location of the cranial duodenal flexure
Right of midline at end of cranial portion of the duodenum
32
Location of descending duodenum
Right side of midline
33
Location of caudal duodenal flexure
Near pelvic midline
34
Location of ascending duodenum
Left side of midline
35
Flexure between duodenum and jejunum is called
Duodenojujenal flexure
36
What occurs in the duodenum
Enzymatic digestion and absorption
37
What attaches duodenum to abdominal wall
Mesoduodenum
38
Location of the liver
Between diaphragm and viscera
39
Liver lobes
Right lateral, right medial, quadrate, left medial, left lateral and Caudate lobe (caudate and papillary process)
40
Which liver lobe contains renal impression of the right kidney
Caudate process of caudate lobe
41
Function of the gallbladder
Temporary bile storage
42
Which two lobes of the liver surround the gallbladder
Right medial and quadrate
43
What ducts drain into bile duct
Hepatic ducts
44
Which duct flows upward into gallbladder
Cystic duct
45
Cats don’t have a ______ duct
Accessory bile duct
46
What two structures make up the common bile duct
Bile and pancreatic ducts
47
Describe the inactive digestion period in the bile duct
Papilla closed by smooth m. Sphincter; bile flows upwards through cystic duct
48
Describe the active digestion period in the bile duct
Hormones open sphincter; cystic contractions forces bile out gallbladder
49
What two functions does the pancreas have
Exocrine and endocrine
50
Exocrine secretions of the pancreas are
Lipase and amylase
51
Endocrine secretions of the pancreas are
Glucagon and gastrin
52
Location of the body of the pancreas
By the pylorus of the stomach
53
Location of the left lobe of the pancreas
Greater curvature of the stomach
54
Location of the right lobe of the pancreas
Descending duodenum
55
Cats have large ______ ducts
Pancreatic ducts
56
Dogs have large_____ ducts
Accessory
57
Accessory ducts open into
Minor duodenal papilla
58
Pancreatic duct opens into
Major duodenal papilla
59
Cats usually have how many common bile ducts
1
60
What forms the root of mesentery and contains the cranial mesenteric artery
Mesojejunoileum
61
The mesojejunoileum can herniate through the
Epiploic foramen (Clin Sig)
62
List the 4 boundaries of the jejunum and ileum
Dorsally- caudate lobe Dorsally- caudal vena cava Ventrally-portal vein Cranially-liver
63
Jejunum and ileum lead into the ______ bursa
Omental bursa
64
Ileum contains ________ blood vessels
Anti-mesenteric blood vessels
65
What is the name of the orifice between the ileum and colon
Ileocolic orifice

Anatomy (10 decks)

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