Flashcards in Glaucoma Deck (28)
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1
Glaucoma defined as
irreversible progressive disease of the optic nerve
2
what % of the population will have glaucoma
1%
3
# 1 known modifiable risk factor for glaucoma
elevated IOP
4
where is aqeuous formed?
in ciliary body
drains through trabecular meshwork
5
The distribution of IOP is not gaussian --?
skewed towards right - more people wit higher pressures
6
not everyone with a pressure >21 has glaucoma - they are instead called
ocular hypertensives
7
to diagnose glaucoma do you need an elevated IOP
no - not necessary not sufficient
8
If a sibling or parent has open angle glaucoma - your risk is
2-3x higher
9
3 mechanisms for possible axonal loss of retinal ganglion cellls
1- mechanical injury
2- vascular injurt
3- excitotoxicity
10
Normal pressure does not
RULE out glaucoma
11
What is the cup to disc ratio in normal non-edematous nerve
<0.6
12
Significant optic nerve sign
notching/thinning of rim -
13
classic visual field defect in glaucoma
- arcuate defect
- paracentral defect
- nasal septal defect
- constricted field
14
acute angle closure glaucoma signs/symptoms
nausea/loss of vision
- head pain
- acute rise in IOP >60
15
Slit lamp findings in angle closure
- cornea cloudy
- angle closed
- cataract - frequently coexistent
16
To test for glaucoma 2 main things needed
1) test visual fields
2) check optic nerve
17
additional signs of angle closure glaucoma symptoms!
halos/rainbows around lights
blurred
red
dilated pupil
pain head/nausea/vomiting
18
Angle closure glaucoma happens when
you have high pressure, causing optic disc damage and visual field loss
19
Open angle patients compared with closed angle tend to be
Myopic vs Hyperopia in angle closure
20
Prevalence of open angle highest in
african american
21
prevalence of angle closure is highest in
Inuit and chinese
22
Which glaucoma is an opthalmological emergency
angle closure
23
Meds used in treatment of acute ACG
- give Beta blocker
alpha agonist
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Pilocarpine
24
precipitating factors that may lead to AACG
- Emotional stress
- Drugs that dilate pupil
- common cold/allergy meds
- Dim light
25
how do you treat glaucom
- reduce production
increase outflow
26
Chronic treatment examples for glaucoma therap
1- Prostaglandins
2- beta blocker
3- alpha agonist
4- carbonic anhydrase inhib
27
Angle closure treatment
parasympathomimetic
28
