Glaucoma

Question 1

True primary congenital glaucoma (at what age)

Answer 1

At birth

Question 2

Infantile primary congenital glaucoma (at what age)

Answer 2

Below 3 yrs

Question 3

Juvenile primary congenital glaucoma (at what age)

Answer 3

Above 3 yrs

Question 4

First symptom of primary congenital glaucoma

Answer 4

Watering eyes (most common)

Question 5

Haab striae

Answer 5

Horizontal striae on descemets membrane seen in congenital glaucoma

Question 6

Vogt striae

Answer 6

Vertical striae in keratoconus

Question 7

What blocks flow of aqueous humor in congenital glaucoma

Answer 7

Barkan’s membrane

Question 8

Treatment of primary congenital glaucoma

Answer 8

Gonioscopy

Question 9

Ocular HTN (IOP,optic disc,visual field)

Answer 9

IOP > 21 mm hg
OD Normal
Visual field normal

Question 10

Primary open angle glaucoma (IOP, optic disc, visual field)

Answer 10

IOP > 21 mm hg
OD changes present
Visual field changes present

Question 11

Normal tension glaucoma (IOP,optic disc,visual field)

Answer 11

IOP < 21 mm hg
OD changes present
Visual field changes present

Question 12

Definition of glaucoma

Answer 12

Progressive optic nerve damage

Question 13

At what difference of value can you say diurnal variation is present in IOP

Answer 13

> 8 mm variation

Question 14

Cup disc ratio in open angle

Answer 14

> 0.7

Question 15

Normal thickness of neuroretinal rim

Thickest to thinnest areas of eye

Answer 15

I> S> N> T

This is disrupted in glaucoma

Question 16

Laminar dot sign

Answer 16

Prominence of lamina cribrosa

Open angle spectrum

Question 17

Bayoneting sign

Answer 17

Bending of vessels

Glaucoma

Question 18

First visual field change in open spectrum

^^^^^^

Answer 18

Isoptre contraction (baring of blind spot)

Question 19

First visual field defect in open spectrum

Answer 19

Paracentral scotoma in bjerrum’s area

Question 20

Bjerrum scotoma aka

Answer 20

Arcuate scotoma

Question 21

Roenne’s central nasal step

Answer 21

2 architects scotomas run in different arcs and meet to form a sharp right angled defect

Question 22

S/E of prostaglandin

Answer 22

Hypertrichosis
Hyperpigmentation around eye
Hyperpigmentation of iris
Deep sulcus orbitopathy(fat atrophy)

Question 23

C/I of prostaglandin

Answer 23

Uveitis

Macular oedema

Question 24

S/E of beta blockers

Answer 24

Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis

Corneal epithelial toxicity-dry eyes

Question 25

Systemic side effects of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 25

Bad metallic taste Renal stones Constipation Tingling/numbness (most common)

Question 26

Topical S/E of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 26

Corneal oedema

Question 27

C/I of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 27

Sulpha allergy | Ciliary body oedema

Question 28

S/e of alpha agonist

Answer 28

Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis Eyelid retraction Drowsiness Browache (?) Black conjunctival deposits

Question 29

C/I of alpha agonist

Answer 29

In children (sleep apnoea,cns depression, heart block) In hypertension patients (?)

Question 30

S/E of miotics

Answer 30

``` Pseudo-myopia and then headache Retinal detachment Shallow anterior chamber Cataract Iris cysts ```

Question 31

C/I of miotics

Answer 31

Uveitis | Macular oedema

Question 32

C/I hyperosmotics

Answer 32

Pulmonary oedema Renal failure Right sided heart failure

Question 33

New drugs in glaucoma (2)

Answer 33

Netarsudil (rhokinase inhibitor) | Latanoprostene (latanoprost + NO)

Question 34

Primary amg,e closure suspect (IOP,optic disc,visual field)

Answer 34

IOP <21 mm hg OD normal VF normal

Question 35

Primary amgle closure (IOP, optic disc, visual field)

Answer 35

IOP > 21 mm hg OD normal VF normal

Question 36

Primary angle closure glaucoma (IOP, optic disc, visual field)

Answer 36

IOP >21 mm hg OD changes present VF changes present

Question 37

Fin ham test used for

Answer 37

D/D of coloured halos

Question 38

Iris sphincter muscle atrophy

Answer 38

Vertically elongated pupil (acute congestive glaucoma)

Question 39

Glaucoma flecken

Answer 39

Anterior lens epithelial infarct (Anterior subscapular lenticular opacity) Acute congestive/angle closure glaucoma

Question 40

Coloured halo D/D

Answer 40

Diffuse corneal oedema | Cataract

Question 41

Formation of aqueous (3)

Answer 41

Secretion 70% Diffusion 20% Ultrafiltration 10%

Question 42

Drainage of aqueous (3)

Answer 42

Trabecular outflow Uveiscleral outflow Uveovortex outflow

Question 43

Drugs that cause glaucoma

Answer 43

Steroids | Topiramate

Question 44

Inflammatory conditions that cause glaucoma (3)

Answer 44

Uveitic glaucoma Fuch’s heterochromic iridocyclitis Posner scholssman syndrome

Question 45

Different causes for lens induced glaucoma

Answer 45

Phacomorphic glaucoma Phacolytic glaucoma Phacotopic glaucoma

Question 46

Glaucoma associated with iridocyclic endothelial syndrome (3)

Answer 46

Progressive iris atrophy Chandler’s syndrome Cogan Reese syndrome

Question 47

Most common secondary glaucoma

Answer 47

Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

Question 48

Krukenberg spindles seen in

Answer 48

Pigmentory glaucoma/ reverse glaucoma

Question 49

Hypersecretory glaucoma seen in

Answer 49

Epidemic dropsy | Due to contamination of mustard oil by Argentine Mexicana

Question 50

Vogt triad

Answer 50

Iris atrophy Pigment deposition Glaucomflecken

Question 51

Raised episcleral pressure in glaucoma seen in

Answer 51

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Question 52

Normal anterior chamber angle degree

Answer 52

35-45 degree

Question 53

Conditions with coloured halos

Answer 53

Cataract Mucopurulent conjunctivitis Glaucoma Tetracycline

Question 54

Epinephrine contraindicated in

Answer 54

Aphakic glaucoma

Question 55

Peripheral field of vision Least in ? Max in?

Answer 55

Least in upward (50 degree) | Max in temporal (90 degree)

Question 56

Contact type applanation Tonometer

Answer 56

Tonopen Perkins Goldman

Question 57

Non-contact type of applanation tonometer

Answer 57

Pulsair

Question 58

Campimetry is used to measure

Answer 58

Visual field

Question 59

Tomography determines

Answer 59

Facility of outflow of aqueous

Question 60

Ring scotoma typical of

Answer 60

Retinitis pigmentosq

Question 61

Main site of resistance of aqueous outflow

Answer 61

Juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork

Question 62

Inverse glaucoma seen in?

Answer 62

Spherophakia

Question 63

Self tonometer

Answer 63

Rebound tonometer (iCare)

Question 64

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma treatment

Answer 64

Laser Trabeculoplasty

Question 65

Express implant made up of

Answer 65

Stainless steal

Question 66

Ahmed glaucoma valve made up of

Answer 66

Silicone or polypropylene

Question 67

Molteno implant made up of

Answer 67

Acrylic