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Opthalmology > Refractory Errors > Flashcards

Refractory Errors Flashcards

1
Q

UVA rays absorbed by

A

Lens (after cataract surgery)

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2
Q

UVB rays absorbed by (which part of eye)

A

Cornea

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3
Q

What can UVB rays cause

A

Snow blindness
Welding flash
Photokeratitis
Photophthalmia

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4
Q

Causes of infrared rays on eyes

A

Photoretinitis

Foveal burn

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5
Q

Patient with decreased vision
Pinhole vision improves in?
Pinhole vision further decreased in?

A

Improves in refractive errors

Decreased in central media opacities/foveal pathology

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6
Q

Emmetropia definition

A

When accommodation of patient is at rest parallel rays of light are focused at a single point on the retina

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7
Q

Causes of myopia

A

Axial
Curvatural
Index
Positional

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8
Q

High myopia

A

> -6 D

And retinal change

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9
Q

Common type of retinal detachment in myopes

A

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

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10
Q

Type of staphyloma possible in myopes

A

Posterior staohyloma

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11
Q

Tigroid fungus possibly present in

A

Myopes

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12
Q

Foster fuch’s spots possibly present in

A

Myopes

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13
Q

Lenses minify images

1D = ——— % minify 
3D= ——— % minify
A

2%

6%

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14
Q

Causes of hypermetropia

A

Adil
Curvatural
Index
Positional

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15
Q

Pseudopapillitis seen in

A

Hypermetropes

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16
Q

Types of total hypermetropia

A

Latent (due to ciliary body tone)

Manifest

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17
Q

Types of manifest hypermetropia

A

Facultative

Absolute

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18
Q

Anisometropia definition

A

Difference in refractive error of 2 eyes

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19
Q

Anisokonia definition

A

Difference in image seen by 2 eyes

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20
Q

Aphakia refractive error

A

+16 D

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21
Q

Aphakia refractive power

A

+44 D

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22
Q

Anterior chamber in aphakia

A

Deep

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23
Q

Purkinje images in aphakic person

A

2

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24
Q

Spectacles correction and magnification percentage in aphakic

A

16 D

Image size 32%

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25
Pincushion aberration seen in
Correction of aphakia
26
Prismatic aberration/sowing ring scotoma/jack in box
Correction of aphakia
27
Alternative to spectacles in aphakia
Contact lens IOL (Put in anterior chamber or scleral fixated IOL)
28
Astigmatism
When light enters eye different are focused at different points
29
Types of astigmatism
``` Simple myopic Simple hypermetropic Compound myopic Compound hypermetropia Mixed ```
30
Causes of irregular astigmatism
Keratoconus After/post keratoplasty Corneal opacity
31
Treatment of irregular astigmatism
Cylindrical glasses
32
Far point in emmetropia
Infinity
33
Far point in hypermetropia
Behind the eye (Imaginary)
34
Far point In myopia
In front of the eye
35
Example: far point of -2D myopia
1/2 m =50 cm
36
Near visionComponents
Convergence Bilateral pupil constriction Near vision/accommodation
37
Presbyopia
Increase age Decrease accommodation Increase near point
38
Range of accommodation. Formula
Far point - near point
39
amplitude of accommodation formula
Power to focus at near - power to focus at far
40
Presbyopia correction
Greater than 40 yrs - near glasses
41
In presbyopia by how much does the power change every 5 years
By 0.5D 40 yrs- +1D 45 yrs- +1.5 D 50 yrs- +2 D >55 yrs- +2.5 D
42
If person has myopia and presbyopia what is correction
Bifocal glasses (D shaped)
43
What is the correction in paediatric pseudophakia/aphakia
Executive bifocals
44
What is trifocal glasses
``` There is progressive near intermediate and far glasses ______________ | FAR. | | INTERMEDIATE | |NEAR. |. ```
45
With what instrument to determine refractive error
retinoscopy
46
At what distance is the retinoscopy done
Distance 2/3rd m with streak retinoscope
47
Three steps to determine refractive error
1. neutralisation of reflex 2. distance correction 3. cycloplegia correction
48
What is the cycloplegic correction in refractive error
1% atropin – strongest for less than eight years Homatropine,cyclopentolate,tropicamide V Weakest Cyclopegic Fastest mydriatic
49
Which is the only mydriatic
Phenylephrine
50
Different cyclopegics given for different ages
``` <8 years – atropine 8-20 yrs – Any 20–40 years – usually not required >40 years – no cycloplegic Aphakia/pseudophakia-no cyclopegics ```
51
O2 permeable soft contact lens | And which condition
Hydroxy ethyl Metha-acrylate Refractive error
52
O2 permeable rigid contact lens | And which condition
Silicone/cellulose aceto-acrylate Keratoconus
53
Hard contact lens
Poly-methyl metha-acrylate | Not O2 permeable
54
Where is Toric soft contact lenses used
Astigmatism
55
In hypermetropia contact lens and specs power comparison
Contact lens power more than specs power
56
In myopia contact lens and specs power comparison
Contact lens power is less than specs power
57
Refractive surgeries in myopia
``` LASIK ReLex PRK Radial keratotomy (Corneal procedures) ``` Refractive lens exchange Phakic intraocular lens Lens procedure
58
Refractive surgeries in hypermetropia
LASIK Conductive keratoplasty (Corneal procedures) Refractive lens exchange Phakic IOL Lens procedures
59
LASIK full form
Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis | Learn procedure
60
What is the range of power who can do LASIK
+4 to -12D | Astigmatism – 5D
61
Residual corneal thickness after LASIK
270 micro meter
62
Contra indication of LASIK
``` Thin cornea Keratoconus Age less than 21 years Frequent change of glasses Pregnancy ```
63
Side-effect of LASIK
Dry eyes Flap dislocate Flap striae
64
Name a flapless surgery for refractive error
Refractive lenticule extraction (SMILE) Small incision lenticular extraction “flapless surgery“ Incision less than 4 mm
65
Do you know how to check different examples of determining refractive error
If yes or even if no please go check your notes for all kinds of examples thank you and have a nice day

Opthalmology (10 decks)

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