GLOBAL FINAL Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is an absolute monarch?
A ruler with total control over government and people, claiming power by divine right.
What was the Spanish Reconquista?
A centuries-long campaign to drive Muslims out of Spain, ending in 1492.
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
A Catholic court created to identify heretics, especially among Jews and Muslims.
Who was Philip II?
King of Spain who defended Catholicism, ruled during the Spanish Armada, and expanded Spain’s empire.
What is divine right?
The belief that monarchs are chosen by God and answer only to Him.
Why was Louis XIV called the ‘Sun King’?
He believed all power radiated from him, just like the sun.
What was Versailles?
A lavish palace built by Louis XIV to showcase power and control the nobility.
Who was Peter the Great?
Russian czar who modernized and westernized Russia in the late 1600s.
What is modernization/westernization?
Adopting Western European technology, governance, and culture.
Why was St. Petersburg significant?
A new capital built by Peter the Great as a symbol of modernization.
Who were the boyars?
Russian nobles whose power was reduced under Ivan IV and Peter the Great.
What were intendants?
Royal officials who collected taxes and enforced laws in France under Louis XIV.
What was the Edict of Nantes?
A law that granted religious freedom to French Protestants (Huguenots).
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants persecuted after Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes.
Who was Ivan IV?
First czar of Russia, known for centralizing power and violent purges.
What was the Council of the Indies?
A Spanish government body that oversaw colonial administration.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
Portuguese prince who funded explorations and founded navigation schools.
What is a caravel?
A new ship design with triangular sails ideal for long-distance exploration.
What is an astrolabe?
A navigation tool used to determine latitude using stars.
What is a compass?
A device that shows direction and helped guide long voyages.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
Explorer whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
What are trading post empires?
Empires focused on controlling trade routes rather than colonizing land.
