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AP World SHEs > Global Society 1945-Present > Flashcards

Global Society 1945-Present Flashcards

1
Q

What was Post-WW2 Globalization?

A
  • Growth of capitalism and wealth worldwide
  • Neoliberal economic policies
  • Investment of capital ($$) across national borders
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2
Q

What are some examples of Neoliberal economic policies & groups created exhibiting those policies?

A

Open borders for goods and people
- European Union after WW2
Free Trade - No tariffs or quotas on imported goods
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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3
Q

What is an example of investment of capital across national borders?

A
  • Multinational Corporations like McDonald’s
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4
Q

What were the 3 main causes of Globalization?

A
  • To prevent future World War
  • Industrialize countries sought opportunities for wealth
  • Developing countries desired investment and opportunities for economic growth
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5
Q

How does Globalization affect political issues?

A
  • It prevents war because why go to war with a trading partner
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6
Q

How did commercialization cause Globalization?

A

Industrialized countries saw and opportunity to invest in and sell to the developing world

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7
Q

What was a social effect of Globalization?

A
  • Greater inequality between elites & commoners with countries
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8
Q

What was a political effect of Globalization?

A

Greater inequality between industrial countries and developing countries

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9
Q

What was an environmental effect of Globalization?

A

Environmental Degradation

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10
Q

What was an economic effect of Globalization?

A
  • Massive economic growth worldwide
  • Higher standards of living
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11
Q

What are some international organizations which promote capitalism, free trade, and economic growth?

A
  • World Bank
  • International Moneyary Fund (IMF)
  • World Trade Organization (WTO)
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12
Q

What does the European Union do?

A
  • Allows open borders for citizens of Europe
  • Promotes a similar currency such as the Euro which 19 countries use
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13
Q

What does the World Trade Organization do?

A
  • Creates rules to allow smooth trade between all countries while solving dsiputes
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14
Q

What do the IMF and World Bank do?

A

-Made to promote economic stability after WW2

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15
Q

What are examples of economic challenges to Globalization?

A
  • Developing countries question international loans which require neoliberal economic policies as preconditions
  • Industrial countries question “free trade” agreements which lead employers to “offshore” jobs to developing countries
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16
Q

What is an example of environmental challenges to Globalization?

A

Environmental groups question economic policies which focus on profit at the expense of the environment

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17
Q

What is an example of a cultural challenge to Globalization?

A
  • Human rights groups question economic policies which ignore local cultures while focusing on profit
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18
Q

What was the American Empire?

A
  • US military, economic, and cultural power extending globally
  • Built and expanded during the Cold War
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19
Q

What was Operation “Desert Storm”?

A
  • August 1990- Iraq led by Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait
  • Also threatened to invade Saudi Abrabia
  • Saudi Arabia and Kuwait asked the US (and other countries) for help against Iraq
  • January 1991 - War begins
    February 1991 - Kuwait is liberated and Iraq retreats
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20
Q

What US actions upset and angered Osama Bin Laden?

A
  • US troops remained in Saudi Arabia to enforce a “no-fly zone” on Iraq
  • US support for its rival Israel
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21
Q

Who was Osama Bin Laden?

A

Leader of a terrorist organization called Al Qaeda

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22
Q

What did Osama Bin Laden view the US remaining in Iraq as?

A
  • Another Crusade
  • Mostly Christian troops in the land holiest to Muslims
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23
Q

What happened on Sep 1, 2001?

A
  • Hijackers take control of 4 airplane
  • 2 planes hit the World Trade Center in New York
  • 1 hits the Pentagon
  • 1 crashes in a field in PA
  • Over 3,000 killed
  • Osama Bin Laden & Al Qaeda take responsibility for the attacks
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24
Q

What was the context of the War in Afghanistan?

A
  • Osama Bin Laden was living in Afghanistan and was protected by the Taliban (the government of Afghanistan)
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25
Q

When did US invade Afghanistan?

A

In October of 2001

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26
Q

What were the causes of the War in Afghanistan?

A
  • Want to kill/capture Osama Bin Laden
  • Wanted to destroy terrorist training camps
  • Want to make sure Afghanistan won’t be used to shelter terrorists anymore
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27
Q

What were the causes of the US’s second invasion of Iraq in 2003?

A
  • The US believed that Saddam Hussein and Osama Bin Laden were working together
  • Also believed that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction
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28
Q

What are examples of weapons of mass destruction?

A
  • Nuclear
  • Biological
  • Chemical
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29
Q

When did US invade Iraq for the second time?

A
  • March 2003
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30
Q

What was a political effect of the US second invasion of Iraq?

A
  • Saddam Hussein removed from power and executed by the new Iraqi government
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31
Q

What’s the “Anthropocene”?

A
  • The Geological Era of Humanity
  • Environmental impacts exacerbated
    by human activity
32
Q

What were the causes of environmental degradation during the Anthropocene?

A
  • Population growth
  • Burning of fossil fuels
  • Economic globalization
33
Q

What are environmental effects of the Anthropocene?

A
  • Has led to climate change and climate-related events
34
Q

What was was the instigator to Modern Environmentalism?

A

Rachel Carson & “Silent Spring” in 1962

35
Q

What was an ideological and political effect of Modern Environmentalism?

A

The creation of “Green” political parties in Western democracies

36
Q

What were economic effects of Modern Environmentalism?

A
  • Environmental regulations on businesses and industries
37
Q

What are examples of NGOs that promote conservation?

A

Greenpeace, Sierra Club, World Wildlife Fund

38
Q

What is an ideological effect of Modern Environmentalism?

A
  • Encouraging people & businesses to “Go Green” as a trend
39
Q

What are some challenges to Modern Environmentalism?

A
  • The devolping world has been slow to adopt environmental regulations
  • Fears that it will harms & slow modern development
  • Can the industrialized world really tell the developing world NOT to industrialized in order to protect the planet
  • Hypocrisy among industrialized nations since the industrialized world leads in worldwide efforts to slow climate change while most consumption and waste still comes from industrialized world
40
Q

Which countries are increasing in population more developing or industrialized?

A

Developing nations

41
Q

Who was the leading scientist behind the Green Revolution?

A

Norman Borlaug

42
Q

What was the Green Revolution?

A
  • Advancements in fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, which increased agricultural production
43
Q

What was an economic effect of the Green Revolution?

A
  • Increase in agricultural production
44
Q

What was an environmental challenge to the Green Revolution?

A
  • More lands put into cultivation meant more environmental damage
45
Q

What were liberation ideologies?

A
  • Advocating for the removal of legal, economic, and political restraints on traditionally-marginalized groups
  • Attempted to change viewpoints and preconceptions about historically marginalized groups
46
Q

What are examples of traditional marginalized groups that presented social challenges as a result Liberation ideologies?

A
  • Women (feminism phase 2)
  • Blacks (Civil Rights)
  • LGBTQ (Pride)
  • Indigenous American Indian Movement, Treaty Rights)
47
Q

What are examples of traditional marginalized groups that presented political challenges as a result Liberation ideologies?

A
  • Colonies
  • Blacks
  • LGBTQ
48
Q

What was an instigator for Women’s Liberation?

A
  • Betty Friedan & “The Feminine Mystique” as instigator
49
Q

What were challenges to social systems as a result of Betty Friedan and “The Feminine Mystique”

A
  • Challenged the concept of women as “Other
  • Women in the West sought full legal, economic, and educational equality with men
  • The concept of liberating women from oppressive patriarchal elements in society
  • Elmination of the “Sexual-Double standard”
50
Q

What were political effects of Betty Friedan and “The Feminine Mystique”

A
  • Title IX was passed
  • Emphasis on sexual reproductive rights
  • Easy access to birth control and abortion
51
Q

What’s an example of a political challenge to Women’s liberation?

A
  • Equal Rights Amendment failed
52
Q

What were patriarchal elements in society that were challenged by Women’s Libration?

A
  • Skirts, brassaries, high-heeled shoes, makeup, etc.
53
Q

What were challenges to Modern Feminism?

A
  • Opposed by many in the “developing world” and religious fundamentalists because it contradicted to traditional family structures within their religion
  • Placed too much emphasis on sexuality and reproductive rights
54
Q

What is Religious Fundamentalism?

A
  • Emphasizing traditional religious beliefs as a constant and stabilizing force amid a changing world
  • A reaction against the rapid pace of change since WW2
55
Q

What are examples of rapid change that led to religious fundamentalism?

A
  • Change in Gender Roles (Social)
  • Economic Changes
  • Expansion & Exportation of Western culture (Cultural)
  • Moral impropriety
56
Q

What policies do Christian Fundamentalists support?

A

Socially conservative policies:
- Opposed to same-sex marriage
- Advocate teaching Christianity and prayer in schools

57
Q

What do Hindu fundamentalists in India support & oppose?

A
  • Support A Hindu identity
  • Support Hindu education in schools
  • Opposed to legal equality for Muslims
58
Q

What an example of a political party representing Hindu fundamentalists in India?

A

The BJP

59
Q

What is Islamism?
- Nicknames
- What’s the purpose of Islamism
- Where do these fundamentalists work

A
  • AKA political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism
  • Wants a greater role for Sharia law and Islam in government and society
  • Some work in democratic systems while others do not
60
Q

What are some examples of Islamic Fundamentalists in government?

A
  • Hamas & Hezbollah (Anti-Israel Parties)
  • Muslim Brotherhood (Egyptian political party)
  • Taliban (Afghan ruling party)
61
Q

What has Jewish treatment in Israel been like historically?

A

70 CE- Jewish Diaspora
600s - 700s CE - Conquered by Arab Muslims
1500s CE - Absorbed into the Ottoman Empire
- Religion in Israel remained mostly Arabic and Muslim, with Christian minorities

62
Q

What was Israel (Jerusalem) like after WW1?

A
  • Ottoman Empire breaks up and a British mandate of Palestine is created
  • The British promised BOTH Jews and Arab Palestines a state in the same region
63
Q

What was Zionism?

A

Jewish nationalism
- Wanted Jews worldwide to return to Jerusalem and create a Jewish state (Israel) as a Jewish homeland
- Jewish migrate back to Palestine and have conflicts with Arabs

64
Q

What happened in Israel (Jerusalem) after WW2 and what were the causes of it?

A
  • The Holocaust in Europe convinced most of the world that a Jewish state was needed
  • 1948 The United Nations partitioned Palestine into two states
65
Q

What were the two states Palestine was partitioned into?

A

Israel for Jews
Palestine for Arab Palestines

66
Q

What was a political effect after the creation of the state of Israel?

A

Israel immediately goes to war and wins against neighboring Arab states who were upset at the Partion

67
Q

What have Israel and Palestine been like politically since 1948?

A
  • Numerous wars between Israel and other Arab states
  • Expansion of Israel’s borders to include much territory designated for Palestine
  • Palestinian refugees in neighboring countries
  • “Occupied territories” of the West Bank and Gaza
  • Construction of Israeli settlements in occupied territories
  • Periodic violence between Israelis and Palestinians
  • Hamas and Hezbollah: Islamist anti-Israel group
68
Q

What’s the context on Iran formally Persia before Prime Minister Mohammad industrializes the oil industry?

A
  • Majority Shia Muslim
  • Lots of oil wealth, but it was controlled by the British
  • British Petroleum (BP)
69
Q

What caused the US & British overthrow of the Iranian PM Mohamed Mossadegh in a coup d’état and put the Shah in control?

A
  • The Iranian PM nationalized the oil industrialized and appeared like a socialist
  • The western countries were afraid of communism
  • The Shah supported British & US control of oil
70
Q

What was a political effect of the Iranian nationalization of the oil industry?

A

The US and British overthrew the Iranian PM in a coup d’ état and put Shah of Iran in control

71
Q

When was the Shah in power?

A

1954-1979

72
Q

What policies did the Shah of Iran impose?

A
  • Secularization of Iranian society
  • Western Dress & Women’s rights
  • Dictatorial control
73
Q

What caused the Iranian Revolution??

A

Dissatisfaction with the Shah and with the US & Britain for supporting him

74
Q

Who led the Iranian Revolution?

A

Shia religious leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

75
Q

What were the effects of the Iranian Revolution?

A
  • Imposition of Sharia law
  • Restrictions on women’s dress/behaviors
  • “Purge” on Western & secular ideas in exchange for Shia Islam
  • An “Islamic Republic”
  • Voting occurs but only candidates approved by religious leaders may run

AP World SHEs (19 decks)

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