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AP World SHEs > The Atlantic Revolutions > Flashcards

The Atlantic Revolutions Flashcards

1
Q

What were some Enlightenment ideas that led to the Atlantic Revolutions?

A
  • Equality - race, class, gender, etc
  • Republicanism & Democracy (voting)
  • Individual Rights ( Free Speech, press, religion, property)
  • Laissez-Faire (capitalist) economic theory
  • Secular laws & society
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2
Q

What’s the context of The (North) American Revolution

A
  • 13 British settler colonies in North America (Protestant & majority white)
  • Largely self-governing through elected officials
  • Few/no rights for women
  • Enslaved blacks on cash-crop plantations
  • Policies of displacing native tribes
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3
Q

What were the causes of The (North) American Revolution?

A

In the mid-1700s the British government started REASSERTING more control over the colonies.
- Taxatation without representation
- Prohibited westward expansion
- Restricted trade through mercantilist policies

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4
Q

What were some changes as a result of The (North) American Revolutions?

A
  • The independence of the United States
  • End to mercantilism & beginning of capitalism (laissez-faire)
  • Territorial expansion westward & displacing of more native groups
  • Served as a model for other revolutions
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5
Q

What were some continuities despite the North American Revolution?

A
  • Persistence of chattel slavery
  • No gains for women
  • Elite white men stay in power
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6
Q

What is the historical context of the French Revolution (1789-1815)?

A
  • Western European country with strong fuedal traditions
  • Catholic
  • Absolute monarch with no voting
  • Nobility & clergy (2% of population) given legal privileges & exempt from most taxes
  • Commoners ranged from poor peasants to succesful merchants
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7
Q

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

A
  • Financial Crisis: France was bankrupt & refused to tax the rich
  • Commoners desired voting rights, an equitable tax system, and equal laws
  • Influence of Enlightenment & North American Revolution
  • High Food Prices led to social unrest
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8
Q

What were the effects of the Early French Revolution?

A

-They became a constitutional monarchy with a king + elected parliament like Britain
- Upper-class & white men could vote
- Creation of the DOROMAC
- Very Moderate

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9
Q

What was the DOROMAC?

A

-The Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen

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10
Q

What were the results of the Radical French Revolution?

A

-A republic with universal male suffrage
- King & Royal family executed
- Slave abolished (temporarily)
- Restructuring of French society
- Beginning of Reign of Terror
- France goes to war with European neighbors

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11
Q

What was included in the restructuring of France after the Radical French Revolution?

A
  • Catholic Churches seized by government & closed
  • New “secular” calendar system
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12
Q

What was the French “Reign of Terror”?

A

A period of which suspected “counter-revolutionaries” were executed without trial

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13
Q

Who was Napolean?

A

A General, dictator, and then later “emperor” of France who conquered most of Europe

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14
Q

What Enlightenment ideas did Napolean spread?

A
  • Religious tolerance
  • Equality before the law
  • Secular law codes
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15
Q

In what ways did Napolean backtrack on some Enlightenment ideas?

A
  • No voting
  • No free speech/press
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16
Q

What happened after Napolean was exiled in 1815?

A

France went back to a “constitutional monarchy” (from the moderate phase); preservation of equality, tolerance, etc.

17
Q

What were 4 major effects of the French Revolution?

A
  • No more feudalism in France ( and most of Europe)
  • Religious freedom across many European states
  • Growth of republicanism in Europe ( voting for men)
  • Weakening of the Catholic Church and some Protestant Churches too
18
Q

What are 3 continuities after the French Revolution?

A
  • Most monarchies persisted in Europe
  • No widespread abolition of slavery
  • Few gains for women
19
Q

What’s the historical context of the Haitian Revolution? (4 bullet points)

A
  • St. Domingue was a French colony in the Carribean that was Catholic/vodou
  • They were a major producer of sugar and coffee (France’s wealthiest colony)
  • Huge slave population (90%)
  • Both rich and poor whites, along with mixed-race minorities
20
Q

What were the 3 major causes of the Haitian Revolution

A
  • Chattel Slavery
  • Wealthy white men wanted to end mercantallist policies
  • Rumors that the French Revolution led to the abolishment of slavery in France
21
Q

What were the 8 major effects of the Haitian Revolution?

A
  • Independence from France: country renamed “Haiti”
  • Class & racial equality declared for all
  • Plantation system destroyed and switched to subsistence farming
  • Weren’t as profitable and led to increased poverty
  • “Independence Debt” imposed by France kept country poor
  • Continuing divisions of race and class led to authoritan rulers in the 19th century
  • Inspiration/warning to the rest of the world
22
Q

What’s the historical context of the Spanish American Revolutions? ( 1808-1825)

A
  • Many Catholic Spanish & Portuguese colonies in Latin America
  • Direct government control by Spain/Portugal
  • Complex racial hierarchies (casta)
23
Q

What were the 3 major causes of the Spanish American Revolutions?

A
  • Creoles resented dominance of Peninsulares
  • Enlightenment ideas
  • Trade restrictions through mercantallist policies
24
Q

What was the main change as an effect of the Spanish-American Revolutions?

A

Independence from Spain Portugal for 18 new independent states

25
Q

What were some continuities after the Spanish American Revolutions?

A
  • Wealth and power remain in the hands of the Creole elites
  • No racial equality
  • Not many gains for women
  • Persistence of chattel slavery
  • Race & class difference led to many authoritarian rule
26
Q

What did all the Atlantic Revolutions (1750-1850) have in common?

A
  • All grounded in some ideas of equality & the Enlightenment
  • Women were excluded from getting rights
  • Only Haiti granted rights to all races & abolished slavery
  • Independence for most American colonies

AP World SHEs (19 decks)

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