Globalisation Flashcards

Question

Problems with defining globalisation -it does not occur everywhere at the same time

Answer 1

Doesn’t occur in some parts of the world at all, and in others far slower e.g the developing world is behind the western world, poverty in Brazil, there will are primitive cultures untouched by globalisation.

Answer 2

No it creates division and conflict e.g different value systems which are incompatible coming into contact, foreign intervention causes conflict, domestic racism e.g Giddens

Answer 3

No there is revisited we are witnessing a backlash against these ideas e.g resurgence of nationalism, anti-globalism (Hewitt)

Answer 4

- over 8/10 of adults now go online. There has been a 9% increase in those aged 65+ ever going online - 6 in 10 UK adults (62%) now use a smartphone, an increase from 54% in 2012. - 65% of men and 48% of women age 18-34 use wikipedia, compared with 40% of men and 28% of women aged 35+ = this makes them at risk of fraud scams with lack of privacy as the elderly are less educated. Digital social media excludes elderly people as everything is online and they are not moving with the globalised world

Answer 5

the introduction of broadband has created a generation of 'digital natives' where the youngest generations are learning to use iPhones and iPads before they can talk. This has made communication habits between generations very different. Young people spend less time talking on the phone as they not send messages through a range of devices and apps -this means that the young people can't cope and become socially awkward and are also frustrated with the elderly. The old people are excluded and left behind as they have not been educated on changing technology

Answer 6

-each successive generation sees a greater reliance on digital communication which has led to a digital generation divide between the old who are less likely to use new technologies and the young who rely on technology for day to day lives -the reasons for this include the young people being more equipped to develop their skills demanded by new technologies and the young people want to create their adult identities and digital technologies can assist with this. Parents are also more likely to spend money on their children and teenagers in contemporary society

Answer 7

-reasons for old people not accessing the internet was due to their lack of skills and/or lack of interest in doing so - many also faced psychological barriers -79% of households below state pension age have internet access, compared to only 37% of those above state pension age -this supports the notion of the digital generation divide where some have full access and others are excluded

Answer 8

- toxic parenting: parents rely on technology to occupy their children. Children feel isolated and can't relate to others face to face (Frankie Bridge giving her children iPads at a restaurant. In the cinema, doing the foodshop

Answer 9

-The internet leads to children and youths being exposed to adult content e.g sex and violence = childhood is disappearing (e.g exposure of young boys to online (Andrew Tate), influence of video games)

Answer 10

-technology like apple watches detecting a fall which ensures people are kept safe -connections during the Covid 19 pandemic = elderly are more susceptible to catching it = keep in touch with loved ones

Answer 11

-active ageing - old age is a period where the elderly find new interests, hobbies, make new friends - digital technology helps them meet new friends, book sports class, become part of communities and access education without attending physically

Answer 12

-the internet can benefit individuals mental health, preventing them from feeling lonely - they conducted an experiment and discarded theories that internet use positively correlates with depression, loneliness and stress. - over time, internet use of a chat room increased feelings of social support and self esteem while decreased feelings of anxiety and loneliness =with increased internet usage due to globalisation, people now have more connections, friendships, relationships which improves mental well being and preventing a feeling of loneliness

Answer 13

young people can communicate and enhance relationships with peers through digital enhancement (instagram, snapchat)

Answer 14

-studied the digital divide -those from lower social classes used the internet less (81% were users as opposed to 94% of middle class people). -Those from lower social classes used technology as a form of entertainment whereas the middle classes used devices to boost their knowledge and to research different information -social class was the biggest factor affecting digital inequality as opposed to issues based on gender or ethnicity

Answer 15

-a digital underclass is forming in Britain despite there being some improvement in access and skills. These are the people who cannot afford digital communication devices. This lack of devices can lead to disadvantages and inequalities in contemporary society and can mean less social capital as a result -those who have lower education levels and no employment appear to be those left behind in the growth and use of the internet. - the government plans to make public services 'digital by default' meaning these individuals will be unable to access them -children from poorer homes are becoming victims of a 'digital divide' because their parents lack the skills to help them use the internet as effectively as their middle class counterparts. -children from better-off backgrounds not only had greater access to the world wide web at home but were more likely to exploit its array of resources

Answer 16

1. Digital technologies further capitalist exploitation and the maintenance of cultural hegemony/ideological domination 2. Digital communication provides a new form of surveillance

Answer 17

-digital communication is just another way in which we can be ideologically controlled by capitalists who own and control this form of media. - we are presented with social media in a way that makes us think we have freedom, democracy and equality but it is just another capitalists can make money and control us -digital communication threatens individual freedom as information is collected about us through sites such as Facebook. -e.g in the 2010s, personal data belonging to millions of Facebook users was collected without consent to used for political advertising

Answer 18

-two step flow model -the interpretation of messages encoded in media can be influence by an individual by an individual audience member's relationship with other audience members -media figures and media companies can become opinion leaders (people whose interpretations of media are trusted by others -opinion leaders can interpret their views of the text onto other audience members who respect them -we as audience members can respond both passively and actively -this study shows that audiences themselves spread ideological view points in favour of capitalist values without realising by acting as someone's opinion leader -the opinion leader's views can be internalised as the individual's own view on the subject. this can be used to explain a limited range of audience interpretations and how media can influence public opinion and maintain cultural hegemony e.g Molly-mae and Andrew Tate

Answer 19

-rise in 'Big Data capitalism' -data has been commodified (a product to be bought) -surveillance occurs when companies collect, store, control and analyse 'Big Data' of internet users -Snowden Report did reveal the existence of a 'global surveillance system' which has secret services to monitor communication between individuals and real time -Snowden's revelations revealed widespread misuse of surveillance of digital forms of communication which provided evidence that the US and British government had been accessing personal and private communications claiming it was in the interest of 'national security'. the effect of these revelations were that it protected society from terrorists and kept them safe

Answer 20

-Li and Kirkup -used a sample of 220 Chinese and 245 British students using a self-report survey questionnaire -men in both countries were more likely than women to use email or chat rooms and men played more computer games than women. -men in both countries were more self-confident about their computer skills than women and were more likely to express the opinion that using computers was a male activity and skill

Answer 21

1. Globalisation and digital forms if communication further patriarchal ideology and the exploitation of women (negative impact) 2. Digital communication allows women to challenge and potentially overcome patriarchal ideology and the exploitation of women (positive impact)

Answer 22

-organisation exploitation is one of the most undesirable consequences of globalisation -this can take the form sexual slavery -both UK nationals and those from abroad are exploited in the sex industry through forced labour, domestic servitude and forced criminal activity -their research also revealed that cases are often not reported or recognised

Answer 23

-researched global criminal economy and found it is worth over £1 trillion per annum. It notable includes the trafficking in women and children

Answer 24

-explains that digital communication can help to reproduce patriarchy through sex exploitation such as bride trafficking and sex tourism. -digital communication means that information about where to buy prostitutes can occur and live sex shows can be viewed through videoconferencing

Answer 25

-argues discourses have been used to embed ideas of women’s inferiority and their need to be nurtured by men -this dates back to the 18th century Enlightenment which legitimised the domination of white middle class males over other groups such as women and non-whites -we can argue that patriarchal ideology has now found its place on the primary discourse of our age - online content e.g social media to spread patriarchal and misogynistic attitudes -this can be applied to digital media and globalisation as many British women are oppressed by the unachievable standards presented by online advertisements, Instagram and the inherent misogyny embedded in pornography