Globalisation

Question 1

Explain why globalisation causes cultural erosion in some regions.

Answer 1

TNCs introduce Western products, displace local culture.

Question 2

How does joining global production chains lead to cultural erosion?

Answer 2

Environmental damage harms habitats, traditional practices.

Question 3

Explain how the global shift of industry has negative impacts in the developed world.

Answer 3

Unemployment reduces incomes, tax revenue, investments.

Question 4

What is the effect of depopulation due to the global shift of industry?

Answer 4

Skilled workers leave, mental health declines.

Question 5

Why do some people in the developed world support the global shift of industry?

Answer 5

Cheaper goods, reduced pollution, business profits.

Question 6

How does outsourcing overseas benefit business owners?

Answer 6

Lower wages, higher profits, reinvestment in business.

Question 7

Explain why international economic organisations promote free trade policies.

Answer 7

Reduces tariffs, enables profitable global trade.

Question 8

How do the WTO and trade blocs promote free trade?

Answer 8

Reduce trade barriers, encourage FDI, improve market access.

Question 9

How do special economic zones (SEZs) attract foreign direct investment (FDI)?

Answer 9

Tariff-free zones, tax breaks, transport links.

Question 10

How do financial incentives from governments attract FDI?

Answer 10

Tax breaks, loans, location-specific investments.

Question 11

How does deregulation and reduced protectionism affect FDI?

Answer 11

Eases foreign market entry, increases trade.

Question 12

How does breaking up monopolies help attract foreign investment?

Answer 12

Encourages competition, reduces production costs, attracts FDI.

Question 13

Explain why some countries remain ‘switched off’ from globalisation.

Answer 13

Political isolation, poor infrastructure, education, climate.

Question 14

How does being landlocked limit a country’s global connections?

Answer 14

Reduces TNC investment, limits trade access.

Question 15

How does lack of education limit a country’s ability to attract globalisation?

Answer 15

Unskilled population, reliance on subsistence farming.

Question 16

What impact does an authoritarian government have on globalisation?

Answer 16

Limits trade, focus on self-sufficiency.

Question 17

How do unfavourable climatic conditions impact global trade?

Answer 17

Limits transport infrastructure, hinders trade access.

Question 18

Why do some countries remain disconnected from globalisation due to limited trade connections?

Answer 18

Poor transport, isolated regions, unequal access.

Question 19

How do global trade barriers impact developing nations?

Answer 19

Limits access to global markets, slows development.

Question 20

What are the benefits of TNCs in globalisation for owners/shareholders?

Answer 20

Increased sales, reduced costs, higher profits.

Question 21

What costs do TNCs impose on local workers?

Answer 21

Poor wages, unsafe working conditions.

Question 22

How do TNCs affect communities in developing countries?

Answer 22

Job creation but environmental harm.

Question 23

What is the environmental impact of energy and mineral extraction TNCs?

Answer 23

Limited jobs, poor environmental reputation.

Question 24

What long-term environmental issues result from Canada’s oil sands?

Answer 24

6,000 km² of boreal forest destroyed.

Question 25

How do TNCs contribute to the loss of biodiversity?

Answer 25

Deforestation, habitat destruction, resource depletion.

Question 26

How can TNCs contribute positively to communities?

Answer 26

Social projects, education, rural healthcare.

Question 27

How does glocalisation benefit local cultures?

Answer 27

Increases cultural diversity through adaptation.

Question 28

How do TNCs affect the home countries they originate from?

Answer 28

High profits but deindustrialisation and unemployment.

Question 29

How has Detroit been affected by deindustrialisation?

Answer 29

60% population decline since 1950.

Question 30

What are the environmental costs of globalisation?

Answer 30

Pollution, resource depletion, biodiversity loss.

Question 31

How does globalisation affect food distribution networks?

Answer 31

Longer supply chains, increased carbon footprints.

Question 32

How does globalisation impact environmental regulation enforcement?

Answer 32

Weaker enforcement in non-EU/US areas.

Question 33

What role does China play in global carbon emissions?

Answer 33

28% of global carbon emissions.

Question 34

How does Costa Rica combat environmental damage?

Answer 34

98% of electricity from renewable sources.

Question 35

What sustainable steps have TNCs taken?

Answer 35

Reduced supply chains, improved packaging.

Question 36

How does Sweden approach waste management?

Answer 36

99% of household waste recycled.

Question 37

What local initiatives reduce globalisation's environmental impact?

Answer 37

Local sourcing, growing food, recycling.

Question 38

What are Totnes and Todmorden's sustainability efforts?

Answer 38

Local food-growing schemes, community initiatives.

Question 39

How can local actions influence national policy?

Answer 39

Push for renewable energy, recycling policies.

Question 40

What impact does local sourcing have on TNCs?

Answer 40

Puts pressure for improved practices.

Question 41

What are the limitations of small-scale environmental initiatives?

Answer 41

High costs, limited large-scale impact.

Question 42

How do local sourcing practices affect overseas farmers?

Answer 42

Reduces their income, fewer exports.

Question 43

How is Germany leading in renewable energy?

Answer 43

National push for Energiewende strategy.

Question 44

How does gender equality correlate with national income?

Answer 44

Higher equality leads to higher income.

Question 45

How does gender equality benefit national economies?

Answer 45

Increased female workforce participation, tax revenue.

Question 46

How does Belgium’s low GII relate to income?

Answer 46

0.070 GII, high national income.

Question 47

What factors hinder gender equality in Afghanistan?

Answer 47

Traditional roles, limited female participation.

Question 48

What is Bahrain's income despite gender inequality?

Answer 48

Oil wealth drives high income.

Question 49

How does China’s GII compare to its economic growth?

Answer 49

High GII, growing women’s employment.

Question 50

How does education affect female migration?

Answer 50

Higher education leads to migration for higher wages.

Question 51

What is the UK gender pay gap in 2023?

Answer 51

8.9% gender pay gap for full-time work.

Question 52

How does the gender pay gap limit women’s opportunities?

Answer 52

Predominance in low-paid sectors.

Question 53

What does a lower GII indicate for national development?

Answer 53

Lower gender inequality, higher development.

Question 54

How does gender equality benefit children’s education?

Answer 54

More women working leads to better education.

Question 55

Why does gender inequality persist in some wealthy countries?

Answer 55

Cultural traditions, higher gender pay gaps.

Question 56

How do highly skilled women affect national income?

Answer 56

Migration increases individual incomes but not national averages.

Question 57

What role does gender equality play in reducing poverty?

Answer 57

Empowering women reduces family poverty.

Question 58

How does gender inequality affect economic growth?

Answer 58

Restricted opportunities hold back economies.

Question 59

How do TNCs affect deindustrialised regions like Detroit?

Answer 59

60% population decline since 1950.

Question 60

What environmental damage occurs in deindustrialised regions?

Answer 60

$2.5 billion estimated cost to clean up Detroit.

Question 61

What is the global impact of global supply chains?

Answer 61

17% of global CO2 emissions from shipping.

Question 62

What is the impact of transportation networks on the environment?

Answer 62

Air freight emits 12 times more CO2 than sea freight.

Question 63

How does ICT improvement reduce environmental impact?

Answer 63

50% reduction in business travel CO2 due to remote work.

Question 64

What is Ecuador’s tax policy’s impact on TNCs?

Answer 64

TNC tax increases under Correa raised $2.4 billion.

Question 65

How do Bolivia's policies impact TNCs?

Answer 65

20% increase in state control over natural resources.

Question 66

What is gender equality’s relationship with maternal health?

Answer 66

Countries with higher GII have 25% lower maternal mortality rates.

Question 67

What is the role of education in gender equality and national income?

Answer 67

12% higher GDP growth for countries with gender-equal education systems.

Question 68

How does high female participation improve economic outcomes?

Answer 68

$12 trillion potential global GDP increase with gender equality.

Question 69

What is the impact of high GII on national income?

Answer 69

Bahrain has high income despite 0.49 GII.

Question 70

How does maternal health impact economic growth?

Answer 70

30% economic loss from poor maternal health.

Question 71

What are the economic consequences of gender inequality?

Answer 71

Gender inequality costs $160 trillion globally.

Question 72

How does education reduce gender inequality in developing nations?

Answer 72

Each additional year of education raises women’s income by 10%.

Question 73

How does the gender gap affect business leadership?

Answer 73

30% of global leadership roles held by women.

Question 74

How do high GNI countries still experience gender inequality?

Answer 74

18% average gender pay gap in high-income countries.

Question 75

How does maternal education contribute to national income?

Answer 75

20% increase in income from each additional year of maternal education.

Question 76

What social benefits have emerged due to the global shift of manufacturing and services, particularly in Asia?

Answer 76

Waged work, poverty reduction, education, health improvements.

Question 77

How did the global shift of services and manufacturing impact mental and physical health?

Answer 77

Pollution, stress, mental health issues, long work hours.

Question 78

How did mass migration to cities due to industrial demand affect urban areas?

Answer 78

Overcrowding, strain on services, housing shortages.

Question 79

What negative social impacts have deindustrialized regions like Northern England and the Rustbelt faced?

Answer 79

Unemployment, depopulation, crime, poverty, spiral of decline.

Question 80

How did regeneration in cities like Manchester and Birmingham bring social benefits?

Answer 80

£1 billion investment, 20,000 jobs, improved infrastructure.

Question 81

What environmental benefits occurred in deindustrialized regions due to reduced pollution?

Answer 81

Better air quality, cleaner environments, new leisure activities.

Question 82

How has globalisation exacerbated inequality in both developed and developing regions?

Answer 82

Widening social and economic inequality, unequal benefits.

Question 83

How did the spread of mobile phone technology contribute to global economic growth?

Answer 83

Rural market access, mobile banking, bill payments.

Question 84

How did the development of ICT and the internet enable businesses to operate globally?

Answer 84

Instant communication, data transfer, faster broadband.

Question 85

What is the significance of the development of online conferencing tools like Zoom?

Answer 85

Remote work, global collaboration, increased productivity.

Question 86

How did the spread of Westernized culture influence diets in Asia?

Answer 86

700% rise in meat consumption, environmental impacts.

Question 87

How has Westernisation influenced social progress in some countries like India?

Answer 87

Women’s rights advancement, more educational opportunities for women.

Question 88

What are the environmental and health consequences of the spread of a Western diet?

Answer 88

Obesity, diabetes, deforestation, increased methane emissions.

Question 89

How has Westernisation contributed to cultural erosion in indigenous communities?

Answer 89

Loss of languages, traditional practices, migration to cities.

Question 90

How did the internet and ICT contribute to the rise of digital globalisation?

Answer 90

Cloud storage, cross-border data flow, research exchange.

Question 91

What role did satellites and fibre optic cables play in global communication?

Answer 91

Faster data transmission, global access to information.

Question 92

How did Westernisation affect language diversity globally?

Answer 92

230 languages extinct, rise of ‘Globish’ and English dominance.

Question 93

What is the significance of the rise of global social media platforms like WhatsApp?

Answer 93

Enhanced social globalisation, cultural exchange, communication.

Question 94

How did mobile technology facilitate the leapfrogging of old tech in developing countries?

Answer 94

Mobile banking, communication, bypassed landline infrastructure.

Question 95

How did TNCs, global media, and tourism spread Western culture?

Answer 95

Media influence, cultural exchange, economic dominance.

Question 96

How has the growth of global interconnectedness been driven by ICT and mobile technology?

Answer 96

Instant global communication, business networks, social media.

Question 97

How have transport advancements contributed to globalisation?

Answer 97

Faster travel, easier international trade, logistics.

Question 98

What is the role of international organisations in the growth of globalisation?

Answer 98

Trade agreements, regulation, economic integration.

Question 99

What factors might hinder the spread of globalisation in certain countries?

Answer 99

Political ideologies, physical barriers, population density.

Question 100

How has global shift improved social mobility in both developing and developed regions?

Answer 100

More job opportunities, education, greater aspiration.

Question 101

How have family separations impacted rural areas due to migration for industrial work?

Answer 101

Elderly and children isolated, strain on rural communities.