Glossary of Terms

Question 1

highest dilution factor of a sample that still results a visible reaction (agglutination)

Answer 1

Antibody titer

Question 2

sum total binding strength between an antigen & antibody

Answer 2

avidity

Question 3

• antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens
• belongs to IgM class

Answer 3

agglutinin

Question 4

• a protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions
• characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci

Answer 4

C-reactive protein

Question 5

• “secondary immune response”
• “booster response”
• a rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following a subsequent exposure to antigen

Answer 5

anamnestic response

Question 6

• an antibody produced against streptolysin O
  
  • streptolysin O: hemolysin prodcued by group A streptococci

Answer 6

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

Question 7

an adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines

Answer 7

alum

Question 8

• process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another
• attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptors on a cell surface

Answer 8

adsorption

Question 9

aggregation or clumping of cellular or particulate antigens to its corresponding antisera containing antibodies

Answer 9

agglutination

Question 10

a particulate or cellular antigen involved in agglutination/aggregation

Answer 10

agglutinogen

Question 11

• “cluster of differentiation”
• cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping of cells particularly lymphocytes

Answer 11

Cluster of designation (CD)

Question 12

• agglutinins that belong to the IgM class
• active at 4º C but not at 37º C

Answer 12

Cold agglutinins

Question 13

ability of a substance to react with immune products

Answer 13

antigenicty

Question 14

• normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of infection, injury, or trauma to tissues
• associated with inflammatory reactions

Answer 14

Acute phase proteins

Question 15

immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells

Answer 15

Cell mediated immunity

Question 16

an antigen that triggers an allergic/hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 16

allergen

Question 17

proximity or closeness of a value to the “true” value

Answer 17

accuracy

Question 18

an anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the presence of complement

Answer 18

amboceptor

Question 19

former name of hepatitis B surface antigen

Answer 19

Australia antigen

Question 20

process of binding of complement in a reaction with antigen & antibody

Answer 20

Complement fixation

Question 21

incurred due to external factors and is not inherited

Answer 21

acquired

Question 22

• accessory cells present in tissues that process antigen
• display fragment on the cell surface in association with a Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules
  
  • dedritic cells
  • macrophages

Answer 22

Antigen presenting cells (APC)

Question 23

• a lymphocyte that originated from the BM
• cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope

Answer 23

B-cell

Question 24

a substance composed of fresh beef heart extract and combined with lecithin & cholesterol

Answer 24

cardiolipin

Question 25

number of antigenic determinants on an antigen

Answer 25

antigen valency

Question 26

condition in which an immune response is initiated by "self" antigens

Answer 26

autoimmunity

Question 27

* an enzyme that liberates inorganic phosphates from phosphate esters * used as an indicator label in immunoassays

Answer 27

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 28

union of **antibody** with its **homologous antigen**

Answer 28

Antigen-antibody complex

Question 29

any substance that when introduced into the body stimulates antibody production

Answer 29

antigen

Question 30

binding strength between an antigenic determinant (**epitope**) and its complementary site (**paratope**) in the **Fab region** of the antibody

Answer 30

affinity

Question 31

* substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune response of the recipient * Examples * alum * Freund's adjuvant

Answer 31

adjuvant

Question 32

movement of cells such as neutrophils towards a stimulus

Answer 32

chemotaxis

Question 33

* "reactive lymphocytes" * suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells capable of recognizing and killing B -cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 33

Atypical lymphocytes

Question 34

* an autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component * seen in patients with **systemic lupus erythematosus**

Answer 34

Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

Question 35

* "alexin" * humoral mechanism of **non-specific immune response** of *at least 14 components* that proceed is a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in **cell lysis** * 3 complement pathways: * classical * alternative * mannose binding lectin

Answer 35

Complement

Question 36

a laboratory technique that involves the **removal of antibodies by the use of a specific antigen** * specific antigen * ​red blood cell surface

Answer 36

absorption

Question 37

an immunoglobulin (Ig) formed in response to an antigen

Answer 37

Antibody

Question 38

absence of all immunoglobulins in serum

Answer 38

agammaglobulinemia

Question 39

an alternative form of a gene at a particular locus or specific postion on a chromosome

Answer 39

allele

Question 40

a specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B or T-cell receptors

Answer 40

Antigenic determinant