Intro to Immunology

Question 1

administration of antigens to host to develop immunity

Answer 1

Active immunity

Question 2

administration of antibodies to host to develop immunity

Answer 2

Passive immunity

Question 3

2 types of immunity

Answer 3

1. Natural

2. Adaptive/acquired

Question 4

non-specific and non-cellular defenses

Answer 4

2nd line of defense

Question 5

cells which present antigen on the surfaces of another cellular population

Answer 5

Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

Question 6

• specialized in their function and present the antigen

* dual/multiple functions

Answer 6

Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

Question 7

Location of Macrophages

connective tissues

Answer 7

histiocytes

Question 8

Location of Macrophages

around basement membrane of small blood vessels

Answer 8

wandering macrophages

Question 9

Location of Macrophages

lungs

Answer 9

Alveolar macrophages

Question 10

Location of Macrophages

liver

Answer 10

Kupffer cells

Question 11

Location of Macrophages

kidneys

Answer 11

Mesangial cells

Question 12

Location of Macrophages

brain

Answer 12

microglia

Question 13

Location of Macrophages

bone

Answer 13

osteoclasts

Question 14

Location of Macrophages

joints

Answer 14

Synovial A cells

Question 15

Location of Macrophages

chronic inflammation

Answer 15

• activated MAC
• epithelioid
• giant cells

Question 16

antigen-specific immune responses

Answer 16

3rd line of defense

Question 17

carried out by WBCs

Answer 17

phagocytosis

Question 18

Enumerate the process of phagocytosis

Answer 18

1. chemotaxis
2. adherence
3. engulfment
4. phagosome formation
5. digestion, destruction, elimination

Question 19

cells are guided to the site of injury by chemoattractant substances

Answer 19

chemotaxis

Question 20

change in direction of movement of motile cell in response to a concentration gradient of a specific chemical (chemotaxin)

Answer 20

chemotactic response

Question 21

sequence of adhesion and activation events that ends with cells exerting their effects on the inflamed site

Answer 21

Leukocyte adhesion cascade

Question 22

cell adhesion molecule (CAM)

Answer 22

P-selectin

Question 23

lines surfaces of activated endothelial cells

allows WBC to adhere

Answer 23

P-selectin

Question 24

enhanced engulfment

Answer 24

opsonization

Question 25

engulfment is enhanced by:

Answer 25

1. acetylcholine 2. complement 3. plasma proteins

Question 26

triggered by tissue damage due to infection, heat, wound, etc.

Answer 26

inflammation

Question 27

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 27

1. rubor 2. dolor 3. calor 4. tumor 5. functio laesa

Question 28

1. rubor: 2. dolor: 3. calor: 4. tumor: 5. functio laesa:

Answer 28

1. rubor: redness 2. dolor: pain 3. calor: heat 4. tumor: swelling 5. functio laesa: function loss

Question 29

Inflammation stages

Answer 29

1. Vasodilation 2. Phagocyte migration and margination 3. Tissue repair

Question 30

large granular lymphocytes (LGL) | antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell (ADCC)

Answer 30

Natural killer cells

Question 31

formation of pores (killing method)

Answer 31

perforins

Question 32

release of H2O2 from WBCs and lysosome produce myeloperoxidase

Answer 32

Oxidative burst

Question 33

bacteria are engulfed through?

Answer 33

active membrane invagination

Question 34

high affinity for HDL | Cholesterol removal to clean up of macrophages in the site of inflammation

Answer 34

Serum amyloid A

Question 35

inhibits elastase formation

Answer 35

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

Question 36

binds to free Hb to protect from oxidative damage

Answer 36

Haptoglobin

Question 37

NK cell exposed to IL-2 snd IFN gamma

Answer 37

Lymphokine activated cell (LAK)

Question 38

Type of Granules | contains granules such as caspases

Answer 38

Tertiary granules

Question 39

``` Types of Granules contains enzymes (lysozyme and myeloperoxidase) ```

Answer 39

Primary granules

Question 40

Types of Granules | contains substances such as lactoferrin

Answer 40

Secondary granules