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Immunology & Serology > Third Line of Defense > Flashcards

Third Line of Defense Flashcards

1
Q
  • adaptive immunity
  • production of antibodies
  • specific immune response
A

3rd line of defense

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2
Q

T lymphocytes’ site of development & maturationMajor Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

A

thymus

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3
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ % in blood

A

75-85%

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4
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ life span

A

long

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5
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ subsets/lymphocyte subpopulation

A
  • CD4+ T helper cells
  • CD8+ T cytotoxic cells
  • T regulator cell
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6
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ surface markers

A

CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8

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7
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ identified by?

A

Rosette formation with SRBC

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8
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ secreted products

A

lymphokines

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9
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ nature of pathogens

A

intracellular microbes

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10
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes’ type of immunity

A

cell-mediated

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11
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ site of development & maturation

A

bone marrow

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12
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ % in the blood

A

10-15%

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13
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ life span

A

short

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14
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ subsets/lymphocyte subpopulation

A
  • follicular B cells
  • marginal zone B cells
  • B1 cells
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15
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes are identified by?

A

surface immunoglobulin

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16
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ secreted products

A

antibodies

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17
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ nature of pathogens

A

extracellular microbes

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18
Q

Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity

B lymphocytes’ type of immunity

A

humoral

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19
Q

Hummoral immunity’s antigen recognition receptors

A

antibodies (BCR)

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20
Q

Cell mediated immunity’s antigen recognition reveptors

A

T cell receptors (TCR)

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21
Q

Humoral immunity’s mode of action against pathogen

A
  • opsonization
  • neutralizes & phagocytoses pathogen
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22
Q

Cell mediated immunity’s mode of action against pathogen

A
  • cell lysis
  • apoptosis
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23
Q

sequence or pattern of events which is triggered by the
introduction of stimulating substances

A

immune response

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24
Q

How the body reacts against infection

A

immune response

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25
Q

Induced by critical interaction the innate system components,
that respond promptly and non-specifically to the foreign
agent, and those parts of the adaptive immune system that
specifically react and bind to epitopes of antigens

A

immune response

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26
Q

Antigen is encountered for the first time

A

Primary immune response

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27
Q

Primary immune response’s antibody produced

A

igM

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28
Q
  • Lag time is long
  • There is a decline
A

Primary immune response

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29
Q

Anamnestic response

A

Secondary immune response

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30
Q

Memory cells have specificity to antigen →
automatic production of antibody against an
antigen

A

Secondary immune response

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31
Q

Secondary immune response’s antibody produced

A

IgG

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32
Q
  • Lag time is shorter
  • Antibody titer is longer
A

Secondary immune response

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33
Q

Defends primarily against extracellular bacterial
and viral infections

A

Humoral mediated

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34
Q

responsible for:

  • contact sensitivity
  • immunity to viral and fungal antigens
  • immunity for intracellular organisms
  • rejection of foreign tissue grafts
  • formation of chronic granulomas
A

cell mediated

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35
Q

Humoral mediated’s mechanism

A

antibody-mediated

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36
Q

Humoral mediated’s mode of action

A

antibodies in plasma soluble products

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37
Q

Cell mediated’s mode of action

A

direct cell-to-cell contact or secreted by cells

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38
Q

introduction of stimulating antigen and how this
substance is processed by the immune competent
cells

A

activation phase

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39
Q

Changes incurred by lymphocytes after antigenic
stimulus

A

central phase

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40
Q

Successful elimination of the infectious agent by the
immune competent cells

A

effector phase

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41
Q

Give the 2 immune response to microbes

A
  1. innate immune response
  2. adaptive immune response
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42
Q

Give the barrier mechanism of innate immune response

A
  1. pathogen recognition
  2. pathogen attack
  3. inflammatory reactions
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43
Q

Give the adaptive immune response’ mechanisms

A
  1. antigen recognition
  2. activation, proliferation, differentiation
  3. effector function
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44
Q

Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:

PAMP

  • lipoarabinomannan
  • peptidoglycan
  • lipoteichoic acid
  • zymosan
A

TLR1, TLR2, TLR6

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45
Q

Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:

PAMP

  • lipopolysaccharide
  • fusion proteins
A

TLR4

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46
Q

Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:

PAMP

  • flagellin
A

TLR5

47
Q

Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:

Microbial ligand

  • mycobacteria
  • Gram (+) organisms
  • yeasts
A

TLR1, TLR2, TLR6

48
Q

Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:

Microbial ligand

  • Gram (-) organisms
  • RSV
A

TLR4

49
Q

Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:

Microbial ligand

  • flagellated bacteria
A

TLR5

50
Q

What are the receptors in endosomes?

A
  • TLR3
  • TLR7
  • TLR8
  • TLR9
51
Q

Identify which receptors are indicated

PAMP

  • double-stranded RNA
  • single-stranded RNA
A

TLR3, TLR7, TLR8

52
Q

Identify which receptors are indicated

PAMP

  • double-stranded RNA only
A

TLR9

53
Q

Identify which receptors are indicated

Microbial ligand

  • RNA viruses
A

TLR3, TLR7, TLR8

54
Q

Identify which receptors are indicated

Microbial ligand

  • DNA viruses
A

TLR9

55
Q

Any substance that reacts to a specific antibody or T cell
receptor

A

antigens

56
Q

May or may not induce an immune response but reacts to
antibodies

A

antigens

57
Q

Antigens triggering an adaptive immune response
by inducing the formation of antibodies or
sensitized T cells in an immunocompromised hos

A

immunogens

58
Q

Triggers an immune response and reacts to
antibodies

A

immunogens

59
Q

True or False

All immunogens are antigens but not all antigens are
immunogens

A

True

60
Q
  • specificity of an antigen to an antibody
  • antigen reacts to a specific antibody
A

antigenicity

61
Q

property of antigen to mount an immune response

A

immunogenicity

62
Q

Give 5 traits of an immunogen

A
  1. degree of foreignness
  2. chemical composition
  3. molecular size
  4. chemical-structure complexity
  5. ability to be processed & presented with MHC molecule
63
Q

most potent antigen

A

proteins

64
Q
  • x > 10,000 daltons =
  • 1-10,000 daltons =
  • x < 1,000 daltons =
A
  • x > 10,000 daltons = immunogenic
  • 1-10,000 daltons = weak immunogenicity
  • x < 1,000 daltons = non-immunogenic
65
Q

Parts of an Antigen

“antigenic determinant”

A

epitope

66
Q

Parts of an Antigen

reactive site of the molecule

A

epitope

67
Q

Parts of an Antigen

“Schlepper molecule”

A

carrier molecule

68
Q

Parts of an Antigen

gives bulk or molecular mass to antigenic portion

A

carrier molecule

69
Q

Antigens Classification

> 10,000 daltons

A

complete

70
Q

Antigens Classification

evokes immune response without any assistance or
carrier molecule

A

complete

71
Q

Antigens Classification

< 10,000 daltons

A

incomplete

72
Q

Antigens Classification

requires a carrier molecule to act as a complete
molecule

A

incomplete

73
Q

Antigens Classification

antigenic but not immunogenic

A

incomplete

74
Q

Give the 4 types of antigens

A
  1. accdg. to host
  2. accdg. to how they are found in host’s body
  3. accdg. to ability of antigens to induce immune response
  4. accdg. to serologic behavior
75
Q

Types of Antigens

  • not foreign
  • natural part of self
A

autologous

76
Q

Types of Antigens

shared antigen by same inbred strains

A

syngeneic

77
Q

Types of Antigens

shared by different individual which are
part of the same species

A

allogeneic

78
Q

Types of Antigens

shared by different species but same
antigen

A

heterophile

79
Q

Types of Antigens

  1. antigens that do not normally come in
    contact with immune system
  2. antigens uniquely found in tissues only
  3. allogeneic that may characterize the
    nucleated cells in the body
  4. Individual‘s blood type
A
  1. antigens that do not normally come in
    contact with immune system: sequestered
  2. antigens uniquely found in tissues only: tissue-specific
  3. allogeneic that may characterize the
    nucleated cells in the body: tissue-type
  4. Individual‘s blood type: blood group
80
Q

Types of Antigens

for compatibility testing of organ transplant

A

tissue-type

81
Q

Types of Antigens

  • antigens that activate Th cells for the stimulation and proliferation of B cells
  • activated T helper cells
A

Thymus-dependent

82
Q

Types of Antigens

antigens that directly activate B cells

A

Thymus-independent

83
Q

Types of Antigens

  • particulate substance
  • aggregation/clumping will be observed if reacted with antibody
A

agglutinogen

84
Q

Types of Antigens

  • soluble substance
  • settling out in the mixture will be observed when reacted upon by the antibody
A

precipitinogen

85
Q

7 factors contributing to host’s immune responsiveness

A
  1. age
  2. # of times of exposure
  3. genetic endowment
  4. dosage of antigen
  5. route of introduction
  6. presence of pre-existing disease
  7. drug intake
86
Q

Soluble proteins produced by plasma cells in response to the
presence of a foreign substance

A

antibodies

87
Q

gamma globulin

A

antibodies

88
Q

Glycoprotein molecules with known antigen specificity

A

antibodies

89
Q

Normally found in the peripheral blood and external body
fluid

A

antibodies

90
Q

Basic structural unit of an antibody

A

monomer

91
Q

Determines the type of antibody

A

constant region

92
Q

“Fragment crystallizable” region

A

Fc region

93
Q

important in effector functions of immunoglobulin molecules

  • opsonization
  • complement fixation
A

Fc region

94
Q
  • no antigen-binding ability
  • represent the carboxy-terminal halves of two H chains that are held together by S–S bonding
A

Fc region

95
Q
  • antigen binding fragment
  • different from one antibody to another
  • different specificity
A

variable region

96
Q

“Fragment antigen-binding” region

A

Fab region

97
Q

consists of one L chain and one-half of an H chain
held together by disulfide bonding

A

Fab region

98
Q

utilized enzyme digestion to delineate antibody structure and describe the functional role of each fragment and clinical usefulness

A

Rodney Porter

99
Q

cleaves antibody into 2 fragments

A

pepsin

100
Q

1 F(ab’)2, 1 Fc

A

pepsin

101
Q

cleaves antibody into 3 fragments

A

papain

102
Q

2 Fab, 1 Fc

A

papain

103
Q

cleaves antibody into 4 fragments

A

mercaptoethanol

104
Q

light and heavy chains

A

mercaptoethanol

105
Q
  1. B cell receptor’s valence
  2. T cell receptor’s valence
A
  1. bivalent
  2. monovalent
106
Q
  1. BCR’s signaling peptide
  2. TCR’s signaling petide
A
  1. Ig (alpha) & Ig (beta)
  2. CD3 polypeptide, gamma, epsilon, delta
107
Q
  1. BCR’s ligand
  2. TCR’s ligand
A
  1. native epitope
  2. processed peptide + MHC
108
Q

Which cell receptor undergoes isotype switching?

A

BCR

109
Q

Segment of DNA located in the short arm of human chromosome 6

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

110
Q

Multigene locus composed of several thousand kilo base pair of DNA on a single chromosome

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

111
Q

Controls the exchange of tissues as well as myriads interaction of immune cells

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

112
Q
  • exhibits polymorphism and codominance
  • involved in immune recognition
A

MHC

113
Q

Which MHC class is asscoiated with an invariant chain?

A

MHC Class II

114
Q

MHC Class I source of Ag (processing & presentation):

MHC Class II source of Ag (processing & presentation):

A

MHC Class I source of Ag (processing & presentation): endogenous

MHC Class II source of Ag (processing & presentation): exogenous

Immunology & Serology (7 decks)

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