Third Line of Defense Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
- adaptive immunity
- production of antibodies
- specific immune response
A
3rd line of defense
2
Q
T lymphocytes’ site of development & maturationMajor Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
A
thymus
3
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ % in blood
A
75-85%
4
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ life span
A
long
5
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ subsets/lymphocyte subpopulation
A
- CD4+ T helper cells
- CD8+ T cytotoxic cells
- T regulator cell
6
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ surface markers
A
CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8
7
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ identified by?
A
Rosette formation with SRBC
8
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ secreted products
A
lymphokines
9
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ nature of pathogens
A
intracellular microbes
10
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
T lymphocytes’ type of immunity
A
cell-mediated
11
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ site of development & maturation
A
bone marrow
12
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ % in the blood
A
10-15%
13
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ life span
A
short
14
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ subsets/lymphocyte subpopulation
A
- follicular B cells
- marginal zone B cells
- B1 cells
15
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes are identified by?
A
surface immunoglobulin
16
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ secreted products
A
antibodies
17
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ nature of pathogens
A
extracellular microbes
18
Q
Major Cells of the Adaptive Immunity
B lymphocytes’ type of immunity
A
humoral
19
Q
Hummoral immunity’s antigen recognition receptors
A
antibodies (BCR)
20
Q
Cell mediated immunity’s antigen recognition reveptors
A
T cell receptors (TCR)
21
Q
Humoral immunity’s mode of action against pathogen
A
- opsonization
- neutralizes & phagocytoses pathogen
22
Q
Cell mediated immunity’s mode of action against pathogen
A
- cell lysis
- apoptosis
23
Q
sequence or pattern of events which is triggered by the
introduction of stimulating substances
A
immune response
24
Q
How the body reacts against infection
A
immune response
25
Induced by critical interaction the innate system components,
that respond promptly and non-specifically to the foreign
agent, and those parts of the adaptive immune system that
specifically react and bind to epitopes of antigens
immune response
26
Antigen is encountered for the first time
Primary immune response
27
Primary immune response's antibody produced
igM
28
* Lag time is long
* There is a decline
Primary immune response
29
Anamnestic response
Secondary immune response
30
Memory cells have specificity to antigen →
automatic production of antibody against an
antigen
Secondary immune response
31
Secondary immune response's antibody produced
IgG
32
* Lag time is shorter
* Antibody titer is longer
Secondary immune response
33
Defends primarily against extracellular bacterial
and viral infections
Humoral mediated
34
responsible for:
* contact sensitivity
* immunity to **viral and fungal antigens**
* immunity for **intracellular organisms**
* rejection of **foreign tissue grafts**
* formation of **chronic granulomas**
cell mediated
35
Humoral mediated's mechanism
antibody-mediated
36
Humoral mediated's mode of action
antibodies in plasma soluble products
37
Cell mediated's mode of action
direct cell-to-cell contact or secreted by cells
38
introduction of stimulating antigen and how this
substance is processed by the immune competent
cells
activation phase
39
Changes incurred by lymphocytes after antigenic
stimulus
central phase
40
Successful elimination of the infectious agent by the
immune competent cells
effector phase
41
Give the 2 immune response to microbes
1. innate immune response
2. adaptive immune response
42
Give the barrier mechanism of **innate immune response**
1. pathogen **recognition**
2. pathogen **attack**
3. **inflammatory reactions**
43
Give the **adaptive immune response**' mechanisms
1. antigen recognition
2. activation, proliferation, differentiation
3. effector function
44
Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:
PAMP
* lipoarabinomannan
* peptidoglycan
* lipoteichoic acid
* zymosan
TLR**1**, TLR**2**, TLR**6**
45
Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:
PAMP
* lipopolysaccharide
* fusion proteins
TLR4
46
Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:
PAMP
* flagellin
TLR5
47
Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:
Microbial ligand
* mycobacteria
* Gram (+) organisms
* yeasts
TLR**1**, TLR**2**, TLR**6**
48
Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:
Microbial ligand
* Gram (-) organisms
* RSV
TLR4
49
Which TLR on cell surface belong to the ff:
Microbial ligand
* flagellated bacteria
TLR5
50
What are the receptors in endosomes?
* TLR3
* TLR7
* TLR8
* TLR9
51
Identify which receptors are indicated
PAMP
* double-stranded RNA
* single-stranded RNA
TLR**3**, TLR**7**, TLR**8**
52
Identify which receptors are indicated
PAMP
* double-stranded RNA *only*
TLR**9**
53
Identify which receptors are indicated
Microbial ligand
* RNA viruses
TLR**3**, TLR**7**, TLR**8**
54
Identify which receptors are indicated
Microbial ligand
* DNA viruses
TLR**9**
55
Any substance that reacts to a specific antibody or T cell
receptor
antigens
56
May or may not induce an immune response but reacts to
antibodies
antigens
57
Antigens triggering an **adaptive immune response**
by *inducing the formation of antibodies* or
*sensitized T cells* in an immunocompromised hos
immunogens
58
Triggers an immune response and reacts to
antibodies
immunogens
59
_True or False_
All immunogens are antigens but not all antigens are
immunogens
True
60
* specificity of an antigen to an antibody
* antigen reacts to a specific antibody
antigenicity
61
property of antigen to mount an immune response
immunogenicity
62
Give 5 traits of an immunogen
1. degree of foreignness
2. chemical composition
3. molecular size
4. chemical-structure complexity
5. ability to be processed & presented with MHC molecule
63
most potent antigen
proteins
64
* x \> 10,000 daltons =
* 1-10,000 daltons =
* x \< 1,000 daltons =
* x \> 10,000 daltons = **_immunogenic_**
* 1-10,000 daltons = **_weak immunogenicity_**
* x \< 1,000 daltons = **_non-immunogenic_**
65
**Parts of an Antigen**
"antigenic determinant"
epitope
66
**Parts of an Antigen**
reactive site of the molecule
epitope
67
**Parts of an Antigen**
"Schlepper molecule"
carrier molecule
68
**Parts of an Antigen**
gives bulk or molecular mass to antigenic portion
carrier molecule
69
**Antigens Classification**
\> 10,000 daltons
complete
70
**Antigens Classification**
evokes immune response without any assistance or
carrier molecule
complete
71
**Antigens Classification**
\< 10,000 daltons
incomplete
72
**Antigens Classification**
requires a carrier molecule to act as a complete
molecule
incomplete
73
**Antigens Classification**
antigenic but not immunogenic
incomplete
74
Give the 4 types of antigens
1. accdg. to host
2. accdg. to how they are found in host's body
3. accdg. to ability of antigens to induce immune response
4. accdg. to serologic behavior
75
**Types of Antigens**
* not foreign
* natural part of self
autologous
76
**Types of Antigens**
**shared antigen** by **same inbred strains**
syngeneic
77
**Types of Antigens**
shared by **different individual** which are
part of the **same species**
allogeneic
78
**Types of Antigens**
shared by **different species** but **same
antigen**
heterophile
79
**Types of Antigens**
1. antigens that do not normally come in
contact with immune system
2. antigens uniquely found in tissues only
3. allogeneic that may characterize the
nucleated cells in the body
4. Individual‘s blood type
1. antigens that do not normally come in
contact with immune system: **_sequestered_**
2. antigens uniquely found in tissues only: **_tissue-specific_**
3. allogeneic that may characterize the
nucleated cells in the body: **_tissue-type_**
4. Individual‘s blood type: **_blood group_**
80
**Types of Antigens**
for compatibility testing of organ transplant
tissue-type
81
**Types of Antigens**
* antigens that activate Th cells for the stimulation and proliferation of B cells
* activated T helper cells
Thymus-dependent
82
**Types of Antigens**
antigens that directly activate B cells
Thymus-independent
83
**Types of Antigens**
* **particulate substance**
* *aggregation/clumping* will be observed if reacted with antibody
agglutinogen
84
**Types of Antigens**
* **soluble substance**
* *settling out* in the mixture will be observed when reacted upon by the antibody
precipitinogen
85
7 factors contributing to host's immune responsiveness
1. age
2. # of times of exposure
3. genetic endowment
4. dosage of antigen
5. route of introduction
6. presence of pre-existing disease
7. drug intake
86
Soluble proteins produced by plasma cells in response to the
presence of a foreign substance
antibodies
87
gamma globulin
antibodies
88
Glycoprotein molecules with known antigen specificity
antibodies
89
Normally found in the peripheral blood and external body
fluid
antibodies
90
Basic structural unit of an antibody
monomer
91
Determines the type of antibody
constant region
92
“Fragment crystallizable” region
Fc region
93
important in effector functions of immunoglobulin molecules
* opsonization
* complement fixation
Fc region
94
* no antigen-binding ability
* represent the **carboxy-terminal halves of two H chains** that are held together by **S–S bonding**
Fc region
95
* antigen binding fragment
* different from one antibody to another
* different specificity
variable region
96
“Fragment antigen-binding” region
Fab region
97
consists of **one L chain** and **one-half of an H chain**
held together by **disulfide bonding**
Fab region
98
utilized enzyme digestion to delineate antibody structure and describe the functional role of each fragment and clinical usefulness
Rodney Porter
99
cleaves antibody into **2 fragments**
pepsin
100
1 F(ab’)2, 1 Fc
pepsin
101
cleaves antibody into **3 fragments**
papain
102
2 Fab, 1 Fc
papain
103
cleaves antibody into **4 fragments**
mercaptoethanol
104
light and heavy chains
mercaptoethanol
105
1. B cell receptor's valence
2. T cell receptor's valence
1. bivalent
2. monovalent
106
1. BCR's signaling peptide
2. TCR's signaling petide
1. Ig (alpha) & Ig (beta)
2. CD3 polypeptide, gamma, epsilon, delta
107
1. BCR's ligand
2. TCR's ligand
1. native epitope
2. processed peptide + MHC
108
Which cell receptor undergoes **isotype switching**?
BCR
109
Segment of DNA located in the short arm of human chromosome 6
Major Histocompatibility Complex
110
Multigene locus composed of several thousand kilo base pair of DNA on a single chromosome
Major Histocompatibility Complex
111
Controls the exchange of tissues as well as myriads interaction of immune cells
Major Histocompatibility Complex
112
* exhibits polymorphism and codominance
* involved in immune recognition
MHC
113
Which MHC class is asscoiated with an **invariant chain**?
MHC Class II
114
MHC Class I source of Ag (processing & presentation):
MHC Class II source of Ag (processing & presentation):
MHC Class I source of Ag (processing & presentation): **_endogenous_**
MHC Class II source of Ag (processing & presentation): **_exogenous_**
