Glossary Terms 61-80: Called by the Gospel, An Intro to the New Testament

Question 1

Hellenization

Answer 1

the process of accommodation to Hellenistic culture; generally yielded a hybrid of native and Hellenic ways.

Question 2

Hermeneutics

Answer 2

a Greek work for interpretation and translation; functions as a technical term for principles used to understand and apply a text.

Question 3

Homologoumena

Answer 3

twenty New Testament writings consistently affirmed as biblical through the processes of canonization.

Question 4

Hosanna

Answer 4

Hebrew for “Pray, Save (us)!”

Question 5

Incarnation

Answer 5

“enfleshment”; term to describe God becoming human in the person of Jesus.

Question 6

Immanuel

Answer 6

a name for Jesus from the birth narrative in Matthew (1 :23) meaning “God is with us”; may also come into English as “Emmanuel.”

Question 7

Inspiration

Answer 7

describes how the Holy Spirit breathed out the Scriptures so that words written by humans are the Word of God (2 Timothy 3:16).

Question 8

Judaizers

Answer 8

term for those who impose the Old Testament or Jewish laws on New Testament believers; term is pejorative and unfortunate, since the majority of New Testament Christians were Jewish.

Question 9

Justification

Answer 9

a legal or forensic term for being declared righteous; being put in a right relationship with God; a favorite metaphor of St. Paul.

Question 10

Kingdom of heaven/God

Answer 10

the imminent reign of God announced by the preaching of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth; “heaven” is sometimes used for Jewish readers in place of “God” so as not to offend Jewish sensibilities about speaking the name of God.

Question 11

Koine

Answer 11

the Greek word for common; refers to the style of Greek that was used throughout the Roman Empire in the first century; New Testament is written in this form of Greek.

Question 12

Law and Gospel

Answer 12

distinctive Lutheran terminology for an understanding of what God speaks in the Bible. The Law is good and holy; it reveals God’s will for how one should live. It commands and makes demands and, as a result, provokes, identifies, and condemns sin. “Gospel” comes from the Greek word for good news (euangelion). It speaks of God’s grace, mercy, and forgiveness given through faith in Jesus Christ.

Question 13

Legalism

Answer 13

asserts that the law must still be imposed and obeyed; normally in relation to one’s salvation.

Question 14

Legion

Answer 14

major component of the Roman army; recruited from Roman citizenry; raised and disbanded as needed; consisted for four to six thousand men plus auxiliaries; twenty-five to thirty-five legions served the empire at one time.

Question 15

Libertinism

Answer 15

the belief that New Testament believers are liberated from the Law and, therefore, free to live however they want.

Question 16

Logos

Answer 16

the “word,” key term in the prologue of the Fourth Gospel.

Question 17

Lutheran Confessions

Answer 17

see Book of Concord

Question 18

Man of lawlessness

Answer 18

a figure Paul says will arise along with an apostasy or turning away from God before the return of Christ.

Question 19

Material remains

Answer 19

remains of ancient cultures and life exposed by the science of archaeology.

Question 20

Messiah

Answer 20

derives from Hebrew for “anointed one,” a designation for a king in the line of David; used for the kingly deliverer expected by the Jewish people; equivalent to the Greek christos.