Glucose regulation and temperature

Question 1

What is glucose?

Answer 1

type of sugar our body uses as energy - carbs - once glucose enters the bloodstream it is carried ass energy for cells

Question 2

Regulated how?

Answer 2

The body controls blood glucose levels using two important hormones made by the pancreas:
Insulin
Glucose

Question 3

Insulin

Answer 3

Lowers blood sugar

When you eat glucose levels rise

The pancreas releases insulin which helps cells absorb glucose for energy for storage

Question 4

Glucagon

Answer 4

Raises blood sugar back to normal

If you haven’t eaten, blood sugar levels drop
The pancreas releases insulin, which is a sign for the liver to release stored glucose from the cells into the blood

This raises blood sugar back to normal

This is called a negative feedback loop

Question 5

What is diabetes?

Answer 5

Disease where the body has trouble regulating blood sugar properly

Question 6

Two types?

Answer 6

Type 1
The immune system mistakenly destroys insulin producing cells in the pancreas

The body can’t produce insulin, so glucose builds in the blood

Need insulin injections to control blood sugar

If it is like this for too long it can damage vital organs, and can cause dizziness and even unconsciousness

Question 7

Type 2

Answer 7

The body struggles to use sugar/glucose properly

Sugar builds up in the blood instead of being used for fuel because the body stops responding well to insulin

Tiredness at first but then can damage the heart and kidneys.

Diet and exercise are main reasons, but it can also be genetic

Can be managed with exercise and medication

Question 8

Temperature - why does it need to be regulated?

Answer 8

Needs to maintain stable internal environment - around 37 degrees to function properly

This is called thermoregulation

Hypothalamus, a part of the brain controls this

Question 9

Cooling down when too hot - 3 of them

Answer 9

Sweating - Sweat glands release sweat which evaporates from the skin carrying the heat away

Vasodilation - Blood vessels near skin widen, allowing moe warm blood to flow near the surface where heat can be lost. Makes the skin look red

Breathing faster - Some heat escapes through respiration

Heat stroke without them

Question 10

Warming up when too cold - 4 of them

Answer 10

Shivering - Muscles contract rapidly, generating heat through movement

Vasoconstriction - Blood vessels near skin narrow to keep warm blood near core, reducing heat loss. This can make the skin look pale

Goosebumps - Tiny muscles pull hair upright to trap a layer of air for insulation (more effective with animals)

Increased metabolism - Body may speed up chemical reactions to produce heat

Hypothermia without them