GOV: ch 10,12 Elections And The Media

Question 0

Blanket primary

Answer 0

A system used for selecting political party candidates in a primary election
Voters may pick one candidate for each office without regard to part lines

Question 1

Single member districts

Answer 1

The system most commonly used for legislative elections in the US
-all candidates appear on the ballot and the voters indicate their choice of one of them, all of the votes are then counted and the winner is the one with the most votes, winners need not a majority, only more than their opponents

Question 2

Coattail effect

Answer 2

When a person running tends to win because of a high person incumbent that holds their same party

Question 3

Redistricting

Answer 3

Process of drawing electoral district boundaries

Question 4

Direct election

Answer 4

System of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person, persons, or political party that they desire to see elected

Question 5

Direct primary

Answer 5

An election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
-means by which a political party or a political alliance nominates candidates for an upcoming general election or by election

Question 6

Gerrymandering

Answer 6

To manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency so as to favor one party or class

Question 7

Front loading

Answer 7

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention

Question 8

Soft money

Answer 8

Political contributions earmarked for party building expenses at the grassroots level or for generic party advertising

Question 9

Open primary

Answer 9

A primary election in which any registered voter can vote in any party’s primary

Question 10

Issue ads

Answer 10

Communications intended to bring a problem to light

Question 11

Plurality

Answer 11

The number of votes cast for a candidate who receives more than any other but does not receive an absolute majority

Question 12

Closed primary

Answer 12

Is a type of primary election used to choose candidates who will run in the general election

Question 13

Safe seat

Answer 13

A seat in a legislative body which is regarded as fully secured either by a political party, or the incumbent

Question 14

Incumbency advantage

Answer 14

Being an incumbent brings advantages in you already have campaign money, supporters, favors, etc see ch 10/12 cards for full definition

Question 15

Caucus

Answer 15

A meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement

Question 16

Super delegate

Answer 16

Is a delegate to the democratic national convention or republican NC that is seated automatically based on their states as a current party par taker or former party leader or elected official

Question 17

Super Tuesday

Answer 17

The Tuesday in February or March of a presidential election year when the greatest number of states hold primary elections to select delegates to national conventions at which each party’s presidential candidates are officially nominated

Question 18

General election

Answer 18

An election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen usually refers to elections held for a nations primary legislative body

Question 19

Swing state

Answer 19

a state in which no single candidate or party has overwhelming support in securing that states electoral college votes

Question 20

Fairness doctrine

Answer 20

Required holders of broadcast licenses to both present controversial issues or public importance in a manner that is honest, equitable, and balanced

Question 21

Midterm election

Answer 21

A type of election where the people can elect their representatives in the middle of the term of the executive or of another set of members

Question 22

Horse race journalism

Answer 22

Political journalism of elections that resembles coverage of horse races because of the focus on polling data, public perception instead of candidate policy, and almost exclusive reporting on candidate differences rather than similarities

Question 23

Nonpartisan elections

Answer 23

Doesn’t permit party labels to appear on the ballot

Question 24

Indpendent expenditures

Answer 24

A political campaign communication that expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identifies candidate that is not made in cooperation, consultation or concert with or at the request or suggestion of a candidate, candidates authorized committee, or a politcal party

Question 25

Photo opportunity

Answer 25

A situation in which a politician can be photographed while doing something good or impressive that is meant to be seen in a favorable way by the public

Question 26

Selective exposure

Answer 26

The process by which individuals screen out messages that do not conform to their own biases

Question 27

Selective perception

Answer 27

The process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages

Question 28

Sound bite

Answer 28

A short clip of speech extracted from a larger piece of audio often used to promote or exemplify the full length piece

Question 29

Spin control

Answer 29

The activity of trying to control the way something is described to the public in order to influence what people think about it

Question 30

12th amendment

Answer 30

-provides the election of the president and Vice President by the electoral college, there is no majority vote for one person,the house of rep (1 vote per state) chooses the president and the senate chooses the Vice President

Question 31

17th amendment

Answer 31

Established direct election of the us senators by popular vote

Question 32

Citizens united vs FECA

Answer 32

-deals with regulation of campaign spending by organizations
-the court held that the first amendment prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures by a nonprofit corporation
-the conservative lobbying group wanted to air a film critical of Hilary Clinton and to advertise the film during Tv broadcasts within 60 days of the election
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Question 33

Buckley vs valeo

Answer 33

1st amendment protects campaign spending, legislatures can limit contributions but not how much one spends oh his own money on campaigns

Question 34

McConnell vs FEC

Answer 34

Supreme Court case upheld constitutionality of most BCRA but said money is property not speech and not all speech is protected by the first amendment from government infringement

Question 35

FEC vs Wisconsin right to life

Answer 35

Court held that issue ads may not be banned from the months preceding a primary or general election

Question 36

Near v Minnesota

Answer 36

Recognized freedom of the press by rejecting prior restraints on publication

Question 37

New York Times vs Sullivan

Answer 37

Established the actual malice standard, which has to be met before press reports about public officials can be considered to be defamation or libel and hence allowed free reporting of the civil right campaigns

Question 38

Miami herald vs tornillo

Answer 38

Overturned a Florida state law requiring newspapers to allow equal space in their newspapers to political candidates in the case of a political editorial or endorsement content