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GP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the STaRT back tool used for

A

Risk stratification of modifiable risk factors for assessing risk of chronicity/disability of back pain (biopsychosocial approach).

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2
Q

After how long do sciatica symptoms usually settle by

A

4-6 weeks

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the cauda equina start

A

L1

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4
Q

Features of cauda equina syndrome

A 
Urinary/fecal retention/incontinence
Saddle anaesthesia
Reduced anal tone
Bilateral leg pain
Bilateral leg weakness
Erectile dysfunction
Loss of reflexes
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5
Q

What are the 3 main types of spinal infection

A

Discitis
Vertebral osteomyelitis
Spinal epidural abscess

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6
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

Vertebral fracture - stress fracture of pars interarticularis which are common in sports, hyperextension movements, lumbar

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7
Q

What is spondylolithiasis

A

Vertebra slips - nerve root sx, step deformity, height loss, kyphosis

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8
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help loss of appetite

A

Prednisolone or Dexamethasone

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9
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with respiratory secretions

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

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10
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with bowel colic

A 
Hyoscine butylbromide
Hyoscine hydrobromide
Loperamide hydrochloride
Hyoscine 
Glygopyronium bromide
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11
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with capillary bleeding

A

Tranexamic acid

Vit K if liver disease related

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12
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with SOB

A

Morphine
Diazepam
Dexamethasone

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13
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with muscle spasm

A

Baclofen

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14
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with nausea and vomiting

A

Metoclopramide

Cyclizine

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15
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with restlessness/confusion

A

Haloperidol

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16
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with insomnia

A

Temazepam

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17
Q

In palliative care what can be used to help with hiccups

A

Metoclopramide

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18
Q

What is an advanced statement

A

Preferences/wishes/values/beliefs for future care so if cant decide or communicate at any point. Where you want to be cared for, day-to-day preferences, religious beliefs, practical concerns e.g. pet care. Not legally binding but anyone caring for you must take it into account.

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19
Q

What is an advanced decision

A

Living will/Advanced directive
Legal document to refuse treatments in the future. Only valid if >18, have capacity, clear on which treatments to refuse and under which circumstances, signed by you (and a witness if refusing life-sustaining treatment), no pressure involved, not said/done anything to contradict it since.

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20
Q

What does CPR include

A

Chest compressions
Shocks
Ventilation
Medication

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of lasting power of attorney

A

A) Health and welfare

B) Finance and property

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22
Q

If handing over a palliative/end of life patient, what additional information is important to mention

A 
Understanding of prognosis
The care plan
Preferred place of care
Advanced decisions
Advanced statements
Lasting power of attorney
DNACRP
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23
Q

Steps involved in the confirmation of a death

Study These Flashcards
A

Check local minimum timeframe
Wash hands
Confirm patient identity
Inspect for signs of life - response to verbal stimulus, respiration
Pressure on fingernail to check response to pain
Pupils - fixed and dilated
Carotid pulse for 2 minutes
Listen for heart sounds for 2 minutes
Listen to lungs for 3 minutes
Wash hands again
Document findings
Document time of death as when you have confirmed it
Document whether or not they have a pacemaker if they want to be cremated

24
Q

Which vitamin is Thiamine

25
Which vitamin is Co-balamin
B12
26
What type of anaemia can Metformin cause
Macrocytic - B12 deficiency
27
What is the minimum blood sugar that is safe to drive
5
28
If you've had a hypo whilst driving when can you set off again
Once blood sugars have been normal for 45 minutes
29
Describe the NICE weighted 7 point checklist for suspected melanoma
``` Major features (2 points each) = change in size, irregular shape, irregular colour. Minor features (1 point each) = largest diameter 7mm or more, inflammation, oozing, change in sensation Refer under 2ww if 7 point checklist score of 3 or more. ```
30
What does SPIKES stand for
``` Setting Perception Invitation Knowledge Emotions Strategy and summary ```
31
What follow up bloods do you do after starting someone on a statin
Cholesterol at 3 months | Cholesterol and LFTs at 12 months
32
How do you calculate BMI
Weight in Kg divided by height in metres squared
33
Normal BMI
18.5-25
34
Obese BMI
30
35
On average how long does it take the body to clear one unit of alcohol
1 hour
36
How does herpes simplex encephalitis present
Focal neurological signs Focal seizures Decreased level of consciousness
37
Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease
``` Fever for >5 days plus 4 of; Bilateral conjunctival injection Change in mucous membranes Change in extremities Polymorphous rash Cervical lymphadenopathy ```
38
Organism associated with epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenza B
39
Presentation of epiglottitis
``` 2-4 year old Short history of fever Irritability SOB Dysphonia Dysphagia Drooling Sat forward, tripod position ```
40
Fraser criteria
For <16 year olds wanting contraception; Understand advice Won't tell parents Likely to continue even without contraception Physical/mental health likely to suffer without contraception In best interests without parental consent
41
Contraindications to NSAIDs
Active GI ulcer or bleed Hx of bleed/perforation related to NSAID use 2 or more episodes of recurrent GI haemorrhage or ulceration Hypersensitivity/allergy Asthma Sever liver or renal impairment
42
What is the risk associated with NSAIDs + SSRI
Gastric ulcer/bleed
43
What electrolyte imbalances can cause confusion
Hyponatraemia Uraemia Hyper or hypocalcaemia B12 deficiency
44
Medications that can cause hyponatraemia
ACEi PPIs Antidepressants Diuretics
45
Differentials for diarrhea
``` Infectious gastroenteritis - norovirus, campylobacter, C.diff Medication side effects Anxiety IBD IBS Hyperthyroidism Coeliac Diverticulosis ```
46
In gastroenteritis, after how many days would you expect the diarrhoea and vomiting to settle
Vomiting should settle first after 1-2 days | Diarrhea should settle after 3-4 days
47
Do you have to report food poisoning to public health england
Yes
48
After D+V when can you return to school/work
48 hours after the symptoms stopped
49
What medication can be used for bowel spasm in IBS
Hyoscine hydrobromide (Buscopan)
50
What medication can be used to ease vertigo
Prochlorperazine
51
Common side effects of opiates
Constipation Nausea Vomiting Itch
52
Peripheral causes of vertigo
``` BPPV Labyrinthitis Vestibular neuritis Menieres disease Herpes zoster oticus/Ramsay Hunt ```
53
Central causes of vertigo
Stroke SOL Migraine MS
54
BPPV; A) maneuver to diagnose B) maneuver to treat
A) Dix-hallpike | B) Epley
55
How to tell if a COPD exacerbation is mild, moderate or severe
Mild - controlled by increasing usual meds Moderate - needs systemic steroids or antibiotics Severe - needs admission
56
Goal oxygen saturation for COPD patients
88-92%
57
Diagnostic criteria for ADHD
6+ symptoms of inattentiveness and 6+ symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Symptoms continuous for at least 6 months, symptoms started before the age of 12, symptoms in 2 different settings (home and school), causing difficulty with their social/academics/occupation.

Finals (32 decks)

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