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GP > GP - pharmacology > Flashcards

GP - pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment of tonsilitis?

A

penicillin
500 mg
qds
for 10 days

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2
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for UTIs?

A

trimethoprim
200mg
bd
for 3 days

nitrofurantoin
500mg
qds
for 3 days

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3
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for a LRTI, otitis media or sinusitis?

A

amoxicillin
500mg
tds
for 5 days

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4
Q

What things need to be on a controlled drug prescription?

A

dose, form of drug, strength, total quantity in words and figures, name and address of patient

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5
Q

How big are PRN doses compared to the 24 hour dose?

A

1/6

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6
Q

What are the 5 strong opioids?

A

morphine, bupenorphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, diamorphine

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7
Q

What are the weak opioids?

A

codeine, tramadol, dihydrocodiene

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8
Q

What are some simple analgesia?

A

paracetamol, ibuprofen

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9
Q

What are common SE of opioids?

A

constipation, nausea, sedation, dry mouth

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10
Q

What are some adjuvant pain killers?

A

antidepressants, antiepileptics, antispasmodics, benzos

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11
Q

What are the most common enzyme inducers?

A 
PC BRAS (induce arrest)
phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, rifampicin, alcohol (chronic), sulphonylureas
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12
Q

What are the most common enzyme inhibitors?

A

AODEVICES (device inhibits)

allopurinol, omeprazole, disulfiram, erythromycin, valporate, isoniazid, ciprofloxacin, ethanol (acute), sulphonamide

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13
Q

What drugs should you stop before surgery?

A

I LACK OP
insulin, lithium, anticoagulants/antiplatelets, COCP/HRT, K-sparing diuretics, oral hypoglycaemics, perindopril and ACE-i

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14
Q

What should you stop with high K?

A

ACE-i
potassium addition to fluids
potassium sparing diuretics (e.g. amilodrine)

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15
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember basics of prescribing?

A 
PReSCRIBER
Patient details
Reactions
Sign front of chart 
Contraindications 
Route 
IV fluids?
Blood clot prophylaxis?
anti-Emetics?
pain Relief?
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16
Q

What are SE/contraindications for steroids?

A 
STEROIDS 
Stomach ulcers 
Thin skin 
oEdema 
Right and left heart failure
Osteoporosis 
Infection 
DM 
cushing's Syndrome
17
Q

What are SE/contraindications for NSAIDs?

A 
NSAID 
No urine - renal failure 
Systolic dysfunction - heart failure 
Asthma 
Indigestion 
Dyscrasia - clotting abnormality
18
Q

What is the maximum dose of IV potassium?

A

10 mmol/hr

19
Q

What is an example prescription for anti-emetic?

A

cyclizine 50mg 8-hrly

metoclopramide 10mg 8-hrly

20
Q

When should you avoid metoclopramide as anti-emetic?

A

PD - can exacerbate symptoms

young women - increased risk of dyskinesia

21
Q

What is first line for neuropathic pain?

A

amitriptyline or pregabalin

22
Q

What is the maximum dosage of paracetamol per day?

A

4g

23
Q

What are 5 routes for medicines?

A 
oral 
injection 
IV
rectal
topical 
vaginal 
inhaled
intrathecal
24
Q

How does naproxen work and what are some contraindications and cautions?

A

it inhibits COX 1 and 2, so reduces prostaglandins and inflammation and therefore pain (NSAID)
- caution with GI bleeds and ulcers, and asthma

25
Q

What is the caution with metformin and radiology contrast?

A

contrast can cause kidney damage which would reduce the clearance of metformin so increase risk of lactic acidosis

26
Q

How do ACE-i work? Why do they work less well in Afro-Caribean patients?

A

it stops angiotensin converting enzyme changing angiotensin I to II
Afro-Caribbean people have more commonly repressed RAAS system

27
Q

What are 3 medications that St. John’s wort can interact with?

A

meds broken down by liver, depression meds, HIV/AIDS, pain, photosensitive drugs, warfarin, contraception

28
Q

How do you treat acute hypoglycaemia?

A

10-20mg oral glucose
follow 15-20 minutes later if needed
Follow with starchy meal

29
Q

What are some drugs with narrow therapeutic index?

A

warfarin, digoxin, phenytoin, theophylline

30
Q

What are some types of drugs that require careful dosage control?

A

antihypertensive, antidiabetic drugs

31
Q

What are some drugs with potent interactions with alcohol?

A

NSAIDs - GI bleeds
metformin - lactic acidosis
warfarin - increased anticoagulation
monoamine oxidase inhibitors - hypertensive crisis
metronidazole & disulfiram - sweating, flushing, nause and vomiting
barbiturates, opioids and benzodiazepines - sedation

32
Q

What are some causes of high neutrophils?

A

bacterial infection
tissue damage - inflammation, infarct, malignancy
steroids

33
Q

What are some causes of low neutrophils?

A

viral infection
chemo/radio
clozapine
carbimazole

34
Q

What are some causes of high lymphocytes?

A

Viral infection
lymphoma
chronic lymphocytic leukemia

35
Q

What can cause raised urea?

A

renal failure

upper GI bleed (Hb broken down by gastric acid into urea)

GP (11 decks)

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