GP - pharmacology Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the antibiotic treatment of tonsilitis?
penicillin
500 mg
qds
for 10 days
What is the antibiotic treatment for UTIs?
trimethoprim
200mg
bd
for 3 days
nitrofurantoin
500mg
qds
for 3 days
What is the antibiotic treatment for a LRTI, otitis media or sinusitis?
amoxicillin
500mg
tds
for 5 days
What things need to be on a controlled drug prescription?
dose, form of drug, strength, total quantity in words and figures, name and address of patient
How big are PRN doses compared to the 24 hour dose?
1/6
What are the 5 strong opioids?
morphine, bupenorphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, diamorphine
What are the weak opioids?
codeine, tramadol, dihydrocodiene
What are some simple analgesia?
paracetamol, ibuprofen
What are common SE of opioids?
constipation, nausea, sedation, dry mouth
What are some adjuvant pain killers?
antidepressants, antiepileptics, antispasmodics, benzos
What are the most common enzyme inducers?
PC BRAS (induce arrest) phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, rifampicin, alcohol (chronic), sulphonylureas
What are the most common enzyme inhibitors?
AODEVICES (device inhibits)
allopurinol, omeprazole, disulfiram, erythromycin, valporate, isoniazid, ciprofloxacin, ethanol (acute), sulphonamide
What drugs should you stop before surgery?
I LACK OP
insulin, lithium, anticoagulants/antiplatelets, COCP/HRT, K-sparing diuretics, oral hypoglycaemics, perindopril and ACE-i
What should you stop with high K?
ACE-i
potassium addition to fluids
potassium sparing diuretics (e.g. amilodrine)
What is the pneumonic to remember basics of prescribing?
PReSCRIBER Patient details Reactions Sign front of chart Contraindications Route IV fluids? Blood clot prophylaxis? anti-Emetics? pain Relief?
What are SE/contraindications for steroids?
STEROIDS Stomach ulcers Thin skin oEdema Right and left heart failure Osteoporosis Infection DM cushing's Syndrome
What are SE/contraindications for NSAIDs?
NSAID No urine - renal failure Systolic dysfunction - heart failure Asthma Indigestion Dyscrasia - clotting abnormality
What is the maximum dose of IV potassium?
10 mmol/hr
What is an example prescription for anti-emetic?
cyclizine 50mg 8-hrly
metoclopramide 10mg 8-hrly
When should you avoid metoclopramide as anti-emetic?
PD - can exacerbate symptoms
young women - increased risk of dyskinesia
What is first line for neuropathic pain?
amitriptyline or pregabalin
What is the maximum dosage of paracetamol per day?
4g
What are 5 routes for medicines?
oral injection IV rectal topical vaginal inhaled intrathecal
How does naproxen work and what are some contraindications and cautions?
it inhibits COX 1 and 2, so reduces prostaglandins and inflammation and therefore pain (NSAID)
- caution with GI bleeds and ulcers, and asthma
