Sleep disorders

Question 1

What are some symptoms of sleep disorders?

Answer 1

daytime sleepiness, unrefreshed sleep, poor quality sleep
snoring
sleep walking and talking

irritability, morning headaches, poor concentration, poor progress in school, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, cataplexy, hallucinations

Question 2

What are the long term consequences of sleep problems?

Answer 2

daytime sleepiness, poor performance, road traffic accidents, poor QOL, cardiovascular problems

Question 3

What are some cardiovascular consequences of poor sleep?

Answer 3

MI 
stroke
AF
T2DM
refractory HTN

Question 4

What is sleep apnoea?

Answer 4

partial or complete closure of upper airway during sleep

dips in blood O2, pulse increase, arosals from sleep, reduced quality of sleep and very loud snoring

Question 5

What are some daytime problems arising from sleep apnoea?

Answer 5

daytime sleepiness 
impaired concentration 
poor memory
mood changes
loss of libido
weight gain

Question 6

How do you test for sleep apnoea?

Answer 6

history, questionnaries and screening, sleep studies

Question 7

What is central sleep apnoea?

Answer 7

repetitive cessation of airflow and ventilatory effort during sleep
- idiopathic or secondary

Question 8

How do you treat sleep apnoea?

Answer 8

CPAP, MAD
weight loss, position training, reduce alcohol
surgery (rare)

Question 9

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 9

deficiency or absence of hypocretin

cataplexy, sleepiness, hypnogognic hallucinations or sleep paralysis