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Pathology Summer 2020 > Gram Neg Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Neg Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative coccobacilli

A

Flu (Type A and B)
Legionnaries
Moaxella catarrhalis and lacunata
Bordetella Petussis

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2
Q

Gram negative cocci

A

N gonorrhea

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3
Q

Gram negative bacilli

A

Divided into:

Lactose (+) E Coli
Lactose (-) Cholerae, P aeruginosa

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4
Q

Other gram negative bacteria

A

Spirochetes- syphillus

Rickettsia

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5
Q

Haemophilus Influenza (gram negative coccibacilli)

  1. Transmission
  2. What type of pathogen (Commensal/opportunistic/primary)
  3. Two types
A
  1. Airborne or direct.
  2. It is an opportunistic pathogen.

3.
Type A: Uncapsulated, pneumonia, conj
Type B: Encapsulated. More virulent. Meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, epiglottitis.

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6
Q

Moraxella (gram negative coccibacilli)

  1. What type of pathogen (Commensal/opportunistic/primary)
  2. Two types
A
  1. Commensal of mucosal surfaces
  2. Catarrhalis: Diplococcus. Opportunistic pathogen in respiratory tract.
    Lacunata: Angular blepharitis
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7
Q

Bordetella Pertussis (gram negative cocibacilli)

  1. What type of pathogen? (Commensal/opportunistic/primary)
  2. What does the virus and toxin do?
A
  1. Primary pathogen.
  2. Pertussis virus causes whopping cough and prolonged upper respiratory infection. The toxin causes necrosis of ciliated respiratory epithelium.
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8
Q

Difference between diptheria and pertussis toxins

A

Diptheria is a gram positive bacilli. Causes necrosis of oropharynx tissue= pseudo membrane.

Pertussis is a gram negative coccibaccilus. Causes necrosis of the respiratory ciliated epithelium. Schluffs off= coughing.

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9
Q

Legionella Pneumophilia (gram negative cocibacilli)

  1. What kind of bacteria is it and how does it work?
  2. Transmission
A
  1. Facultative intracellular bacteria (can work in and outside cell) Evades phagolysosomes similar to Tb/leprosy.
  2. Airborne, but not contagious. Sprayed water, however, is contagious.
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10
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhea (Gram negative cocci)

  1. How does it adhere?
  2. Produces what?
  3. Transmission?
A
  1. Adheres by pilli
  2. Produces IgA protease to degrade the secretory chain
  3. Transmitted sexually or congenital (vertical)

Facultative intracellular diplodococcus.

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11
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhea and conjunctival infection

A

Mucopurulent.
Can penetrate in intact cornea and may cause peripheral ulcers.
Tx with Abx

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12
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Congenital gonococcal conjunctivitis after birth from mom transmitting to newborn.
Tx with Abx

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13
Q

E coli. (gram negative bacilli lactose positive)

  1. What kind of bacteria is it and how does it work?
  2. Commonly infects who?
  3. How many strains?
A
  1. Commensals live in gut and produce vitamin K.
  2. Commonly infects immunocompromised and newborns.
  3. 6 strains. Ex: Enterohemorrhagic E coli. Shinga toxin causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and can clog glomerulus= kidney failure
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14
Q

Example of a specific strain of E coli

A

Enterohemorrhagic E coli. Shinga toxin causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and can clog glomerulus= kidney failure

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15
Q

Shinga toxin

A

Produced by a strain of E. Coli, Enterohemorrhagic

causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and can clog glomerulus= kidney failure

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16
Q

V cholera (gram negative bacilli lactose negative, catalyst positive)

  1. What type of gram negative is it?
  2. Transmission
  3. What does it cause?
A

Anaerobic, mobile.
Transmitted via contaminated water or food.
Produces exotoxin (during life cycle) that causes diarrhea, and vomiting. Treat with Abx.

17
Q

P. aeuroginosa (gram negative bacilli lactose negative, catalyst positive)

  1. What type of gram negative is it?
  2. Where is it found? (reservoir)
  3. What can it produce?
  4. What kind of odor?
  5. Transmission?
  6. Hardy or vulnerable?
  7. Results of infection
A
  1. Motile rod. Opportunistic.
  2. Found in soil and water.
  3. biofilm- helps evade phagocytosis
  4. Fruity odor
  5. Water aerosols, respirators, humidifies, sinks.
  6. Very hardly. Simple growth requirements. Chemical resistance and high adherence.
  7. Can get in hospital- pneumonia, UTI. Hot tub rash. Ulcers due to CL wear (cannot penetrate intact cornea)
18
Q

Can P aeuroginosa penetrate an in tact cornea?

A

No. Could cause ulcers due to over wearing CLs.

19
Q

Salmonella (gram negative bacilli)

  1. Transmission
  2. What are the three types?
A

Motile rods

  1. Transmission by fecally contaminated water

Salmonella Typhi
Reactive arthritis
Salmonella enterocolitis (non typhoidal)

20
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

causes typhoid fever, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric symptom and rash.

21
Q

Reactive arthritis caused by salmonella is what type of hypersensitivity

A

Type III

22
Q

Salmonella enterocolitis (non typhoidal)

A

Diarrhea, fever, cramps.

23
Q

___ can penetrate an intact cornea

___ cannot penetrate an intact cornea

A 
Gonorrhea 
P aeroginosa (ulcers due to CL wear)
24
Q

Spirochetes

How do they travel and how do we view them in lab?

A

Motile due to end-cellular flagella.

Not visible with routine microscopy. Must use dark field or fluoresce

25
Q

Two types of spirochetes

A

Treptonema pallidum (syphillus) and Borrelia (lime disease by deer tick)

26
Q

Spirochetes- treptonema pallidum

  1. What kind?
  2. Transmission
  3. 3 stages
A
  1. Obligate intracellular
  2. Transmitted sexually or vertically
  3. Stage 1: Single sore (Cancre)
    Stage 2: Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions
    Stage 3: Neurologic demyelination, cardiac symptoms, argyll robertson pupil and uveitis.
27
Q

What side effects can occur in the eye due to treponema pallidum?

A

Argyll Robertson pupil

Uveitis

28
Q

Spirochetes- Borrelia

initial and 1 week symptoms

A

Lime disease by deer tick- must be attached for 24-48 hours.
Initial symptoms: bulls eye rash and flu like symptoms
1 week: neurologic, cardiac, and uveitis

29
Q

Eye related symptoms from Borrelia (Lime disease by deer tick)

A

1 week: uveitis

30
Q

Ricketsia

A

Pleomorphic, non motile

Obligate intracellular

31
Q

Two forms of rickettsia

A
  1. Rickettsia Rickettsii. Tick vector. Rocky mountain spotted fever (red spots on back)
  2. Rickettsia Typhi. Flea vector. Endemic typhus.
32
Q

Rickettsia Rickettsii. ___ Vector.

A

Tick. Rocky mountain spotted fever.

33
Q

Rickettsia Typhi. ____ vector.

A

Flea

Pathology Summer 2020 (19 decks)

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